Albert Bandura

ALBERT BANDURA AND
SOCIAL LEARNING
THEORY
Prepared by :- Rajan Tiwari

1st Semester B.Ed
Special Education (V.I.)
INTRODUCTION
 Social learning theory emphasizes on
the importance of observing and
modelling the behaviours, attitudes
and emotional reactions of others.
 Social learning theory focuses on

the learning that occurs within a
social context.
 He stressed the importance of

observational learning, imitation
and modeling.
ALBERT BANDURA
 Born on December 4, 1925
 Canadian, American
 Studied at University of British
Columbia and University of Lowa.
 Researched and taught at Stanford
University
 Elected president of American
Psychological Association in 1974
 Famous for research on social
learning theories.
“..most learning is gained by people’s perception and thinking about what

they experience. They learn by copying the examples of others around
them.”
- Albert Bandura
BASIC SOCIAL LEARNING
CONCEPTS
 Observational Learning - People can learn through

observation
 Intrinsic Reinforcement – Mental states are important for

learning
 The Modeling Process – Learning does not lead to a

change in behaviour.
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
 A live model: Involves an actual individual demonstrating or

acting out a behavior.
 A verbal instructional model: Involves descriptions and

explanations of a behavior.
 A symbolic model: Which involves real or fictional

characters displaying behaviors in books, films,
television programs, or online media.
INTRINSIC REINFORCEMENT
 Intrinsic reinforcement is a form of internal reward, such as

pride, satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment
THE MODELING PROCESS
 Not all observed behaviors are effectively learned. Factors
involving both the model and the learner can play a role in
whether social learning is successful.
 The following steps are involved in the observational

learning and modeling process:
 Attention
 Retention
 Motor reproduction
 Motivation
ATTENTION
RETENTION
REPRODUCTION
MOTIVATION
PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL
LEARNING THEORY
 People can learn by observing the behaviour of others

and the outcomes of those behaviors.
 Learning can occur without a change in behavior.
 Cognition plays a role in learning.

SOCIAL LEARNING PERSPECTIVE
OF REINFORCEMENT AND
PUNISHMENT
1) SLT proposes that both reinforcement and punishment have
indirect effects on learning. They are not the sole or main cause.
2) Reinforcement and punishment influence the extent to which an

individual exhibits a behaviour that has been learned.
3) The expectation of reinforcement influences cognitive processes

that promote learning. Therefore attention pays a critical role in
learning. And attention is influenced by the expectation of
reinforcement.
COGNITIVE FACTORS IN
SOCIAL LEARNING
 Learning without performance

 Cognitive processing during learning
 Expectations
 Reciprocal causation
 Modeling
RESEARCH
EXPERIMENTS
 Bobo the clown
⚫ Boys and girls watched a video of a
person performing violent acts on a
blowup clown named Bobo. Use of
kicking, punching and hammering were
modeled.
⚫ When children were then left alone with
the same blewup clown they performed
the same behaviors they had observed.
⚫ Watch Bandura and the Bobo experiment
STILL IMAGES FROM BOBO
EXPERIMENT
VIDEO
The brain: a secret history- emotions; Bobo doll

experiment
https://youtu.be/zerCK0lRjp8
THERE ARE THREE CORE
CONCEPTS OF THE SOCIAL
LEARNING THEORY
 People can learn through observation
 Internal mental state is essential in the learning process
 Learning does not necessarily lead to change in behavior

WHAT DO TEACHER DO
UNDER THIS THEORY?
 To promote effective modeling a teacher must take sure that
the four essential conditions exist; attention, retention, motor
reproduction and motivation.
 Teachers must model appropriate behaviors and take care

that they do not model inappropriate behaviors.
 Teachers should help students set realistic expectations for

their academic accomplishments.
WHAT DO STUDENTS DO
UNDER THIS THEORY?
 Students often learn a great deal simply by observing

other people.
 Students must believe that they are capable of

accomplishing school tasks.
 Students should closely observe appropriate behaviors and

learn from them.
APPLYING BANDURA’S
THEORY IN THE CLASSROOM
 Carefully select audiovisuals that are to be used in the
classroom.
 Create a sense of collective-efficacy by emphasizing team
work.
 Set goals for students to accomplish, have them keep a record
of these accomplishments. Once a month take the record out
and celebrate their hard work.
 Incorporate technology by putting the students challenges and
accomplishments online on the class website so they can show
their friends and family.
THANK YOU 

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ALBERT BANDURA AND

Prepared by :- Rajan Tiwari

 Social learning theory focuses on

 He stressed the importance of

“..most learning is gained by people’s perception and thinking about what

 Observational Learning - People can learn through

 Intrinsic Reinforcement – Mental states are important for

 The Modeling Process – Learning does not lead to a

 A live model: Involves an actual individual demonstrating or

 A verbal instructional model: Involves descriptions and

 A symbolic model: Which involves real or fictional

 Intrinsic reinforcement is a form of internal reward, such as

 The following steps are involved in the observational

 People can learn by observing the behaviour of others

 Learning can occur without a change in behavior.

 Cognition plays a role in learning.

2) Reinforcement and punishment influence the extent to which an

3) The expectation of reinforcement influences cognitive processes

 Learning without performance

The brain: a secret history- emotions; Bobo doll

 Internal mental state is essential in the learning process

 Learning does not necessarily lead to change in behavior

 Teachers must model appropriate behaviors and take care

 Teachers should help students set realistic expectations for

 Students often learn a great deal simply by observing

 Students must believe that they are capable of

 Students should closely observe appropriate behaviors and

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