LEC-11 Performance of Boiler

Example:
The following observations were made on boiler plant during a test:

i. Steam pressure=20 bar
ii. Steam temperature=260oC
iii. Steam generated = 37500 kg/hr
iv. Temperature of water entering the economiser = 15 oC
v. Temperature of water leaving the economiser = 90oC
vi. Fuel used =4400 kg
vii. Energy of combustion of fuel = 30000 kJ/kg
Calculate:
a. Equivalent evaporation per kg of fuel
b. Thermal efficiency of the plant
c. The % heat energy of the fuel energy utilized by the Economiser.
Solution:
Data given:
p= 20 bar, Tsup = 260oC ms = 37500 kg/hr mf = 4400 kg/hr
T1 = 15oC, T2 = 90oC C = 30000 kJ/kg

a. Equivalent Evaporation per kg of fuel me (hsup  h f 1 )
We know the mass of water actually evaporated. E 
2257
m s 37500
me  
mf 4400
me  8.52 kg / kg Of fuel
From steam table, corresponding to feed water temperature of 15 oC.

h f 1  62.9 kJ / kg
Corresponding to steam pressure of 20 bar
hg  2797.2 kJ / kg
T  212.4 o C
We know that enthalpy or total heat of 1 kg of superheated steam
hsup  hg  C p Tsup  T 
hsup  2797.2  2.1260  212.4 
hsup  2897 kJ / kg
Equivalent Evaporation
me (hsup  h f 1 )
E
2257
8.52(2897  62.9 )
E
2257
E  10.7 kg / kg of fuel
b. Thermal efficiency of the plant

C
8.52(2897  62.9 )
  100
30000
  80.5%
c. % heat energy utilized by Economiser
From steam table, corresponding to a temp. Of 90oC

h f 2  376.9 kJ / kg
We know that heat utilized by economiser per kg of fuel
h  me ( h f 2  h f 1 )
h  8.52(376.9  62.9 )
h  2675kJ
Therefore, % heat utilized by Economiser

2675
  100
30000
 8.9% of total heat of the fuel

Example:
The following particulars refer to a steam plant consisting of a boiler
economiser and a superheater.
i. Steam pressure=14 bar
ii. Mass of steam generated = 5000kg/hr
iii. Mass of coal used 675 kg/hr
iv. Calorific value of coal = 29800 kJ/ kg of coal
v. Temperature of feed water = 30oC
vi. Temperature of feed water leaving the economiser = 130 oC
vii. Temperature of steam leaving the superheater =320oC
viii. Dryness fraction of steam leaving the boiler = 0.97
Calculate:
a. Overall efficiency of the plant
b. The % heat energy of the fuel energy utilized by the Economiser and
superheater.
Solution:
Data given:
p= 14 bar, Tsup = 320oC X = 0.97 mf = 675 kg/hr
T1 = 30oC, T2 = 130oC C = 29800 kJ/kg
a. Overall efficiency of the plant

C
We know the mass of water actually evaporated per kg of coal
m s 5000
me  
mf 675
me  7.41kg / kg of fuel
From steam table corresponding to feed water temperature of 30 oC
h f 1  125.7 kJ / kg
Corresponding to a steam pressure of 14 bar
h f  830 kJ / kg
h fg  1957.7 kJ / kg
hg  2787.8 kJ / kg
T  195 o C
We know that enthalpy or total heat of 1 kg of superheated steam
hsup  hg  C p Tsup  T 
hsup  2787.8  2.1320  195 
hsup  3050.3kJ / kg
Overall efficiency of the plant

C
7.41(3050.3  125.7 )
  100
29800
  72.7%
b. % of available heat utilized
i. % Heat utilize in the boiler
We know that enthalpy or sensible heat of feed water leaving the economiser
Or entering the boiler at 130oC.
From steam table
h f 2  546.3kJ / kg
Heat utilized in the boiler for 7.41kg of steam at pr. Of 14 bar and 0.97
dryness fraction from water at 130oC.
 me h f  xh fg   h f 2
 7.41830.1  097  1957.7   546.3
 16174kJ
We know that the heat available per kg of coal

 29800 kJ / kg of coal
Therefore, % of available heat used in boiler
16174
  100
29800
 54.3%
ii. % Heat utilized in the Economiser
We know that heat utilized in the economiser per kg of coal

 me c p T2  T1 
 7.41  4.2130  30 
 3112 .2 kJ
%heat is utilized in the economiser
3112 .2
  100
29800
 10.4%
iii. % heat utilized in superheater
Heat utilized in the superheater per kg of steam
= Total heat of superheated steam – total heat of wet steam

 
 hg  c p Tsup  T   h f  xh fg 
 2787.8  2.1320  195  830.1  0.97  1957.7 
 321.3kJ
Total heat utilized in the superheater
 7.41  321.3
 2381kJ
2381
  100
29800
Check:
 8% Total heat utilized in the boiler = 54.3+10.4+8 = 72.7%
Which is equal to the overall efficiency of the plant

LEC-11 Performance of Boiler

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Example:

The following observations were made on boiler plant during a test:

T1 = 15oC, T2 = 90oC C = 30000 kJ/kg

From steam table, corresponding to feed water temperature of 15 oC.

Corresponding to steam pressure of 20 bar

c. % heat energy utilized by Economiser

From steam table, corresponding to a temp. Of 90oC

Therefore, % heat utilized by Economiser

 8.9% of total heat of the fuel

We know the mass of water actually evaporated per kg of coal

From steam table corresponding to feed water temperature of 30 oC

We know that enthalpy or total heat of 1 kg of superheated steam

i. % Heat utilize in the boiler

We know that the heat available per kg of coal

ii. % Heat utilized in the Economiser

We know that heat utilized in the economiser per kg of coal

Heat utilized in the superheater per kg of steam

= Total heat of superheated steam – total heat of wet steam

Which is equal to the overall efficiency of the plant

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