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Programming Language

The document discusses the history and evolution of several popular programming languages including FORTRAN, Algol-60, Lisp, COBOL, APL, SNOBOL, BASIC, Algol-W, Jovial, PL/I, SIMULA-67, Pascal, C, Prolog, Smalltalk, Modula-2, C++ and Java. It also categorizes programming languages into four generations from early machine languages to modern visual languages.

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Devie Grace
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7 views

Programming Language

The document discusses the history and evolution of several popular programming languages including FORTRAN, Algol-60, Lisp, COBOL, APL, SNOBOL, BASIC, Algol-W, Jovial, PL/I, SIMULA-67, Pascal, C, Prolog, Smalltalk, Modula-2, C++ and Java. It also categorizes programming languages into four generations from early machine languages to modern visual languages.

Uploaded by

Devie Grace
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming Language

Definition
A system of signs used by a person
to communicate a task/algorithm to
a computer, causing the task to be
performed.
A language used to tell the computer
what to do.
List of popular programming
languages
FORTRAN
First programming language
FORmula TRANslation.
John Backus in 1956.
Algol-60
ALGOrithmic Language
Attempt to improve FORTRAN
Did not gained widespread acceptance
Lisp
John McCarthy in the late 1950s
One of the most used even beating the
popularity of FORTRAN.
Based on two existing languages:
mathematics and ideas of McCarthy
COBOL
Common Business Oriented Language
Designed by CODASYL (Conference on
Data Systems and Languages)
Designed in 1960
APL
A Programming Language
Designed during the late 1950s
Kenneth Iverson of Harvard University
SNOBOL
String Oriented Symbol Language
Designed in 1962
Designed by a research group at Bell
Laboratories
BASIC
Thomas Kurtz and John Kemeny of
Dartmouth College
Beginner’s All Purpose Symbolic
Instruction Code.
Algol-W
Nicklaus Wirth

Jovial
Jules’ Own Version of the International
Algorithmic Language
Used by the US Air Force during 1970s
and 1980s
PL/I
Introduced in 1966
PL/I = FORTRAN + COBOL + Algol

SIMULA-67
SIMUlation Language
Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard
Pascal
Nicklaus Wirth
Primarily for teaching programming.
Considered one of the very best well
designed language
C
Came from B (BCPL – Basic Combined
Programming Language)
Dennis Ritchie

Prolog
Programming in Logic
Robert Kowalski
Powerful language for AI
Smalltalk
Language designed by the Learning
Research Group at Xerox Palo Alto
Research Center.
A graphical programming environment

Modula-2
Nicklaus Wirth
Descendant of Pascal and Modula
C++
Bjarne Stroustrup in 1980s
Extension of C

Java
1991
Group of Sun Microsystems engineers
led by James Gosling.
Generations of Programming
Languages
First Generation Languages
Low-level languages like machine and
assembly language

Second Generation
Designed during the early 1960s.
ALGOL-60, BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN
Third Generation
High-level languages
PL/I, Pascal, Modula-2, C, Lisp, APL,
Prolog, C++, Smalltalk, Java

Fourth Generation
Visual C++, SQL, FoxPro
THE END…
Group Activity
Group yourselves into 4 per group.
Make a jingle about the topics discussed.
Present it next meeting.
Put it in a short coupon bond; encoded.
Rubrics:
Content: 15 points
Delivery: 10 points
Teamwork: 5 points
With a total of 30 points

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