Passive Voice (Full)

PASSIVE
VOICE
Structure
Active
S V O
Passive
S BE + V3/ED BY 0
Example
Mary cleans this room every morning
S V 0
This room is cleaned by Mary every morning

Notes
 No passive structure can be formed by AN INTRANSITIVE
VERB
Ex: The audience laughed at the jokes.
 The jokes were laughed. (WRONG)
 A passive structure can be formed by AN TRANSITIVE

VERB
Ex: The audience enjoyed the jokes.
 The jokes were enjoyed by the audience. (RIGHT)
The simple present tense
EX1:
A: He tells me to go away
-) I am told to go away by him
A: Somebody cleans the living room everyday
-) The living room is cleaned everyday by
somebody
Active: S + V (1,s,es) + O
Passive: S + am/is/are +V (3,ed)+by O

The simple past tense
EX2:
A: He built this house in 1990
-) This house was built in 1990 by him
A: People measured temperature with a thermometer
-) Temperature was measured with a thermometer by
people
Active: S + V(2,ed) + O
Passive: S + was/were +V(3,ed)+by O

The present continuous tense
EX3:
A: He is reading a new book at the moment
-) A new book is being read at the moment by him
A: Mai is doing her exercises
-) Her exercises are being done by Mai
Active: S + am/is/are + V (ing) + O
Passive: S + am/is/are + being + V(3, ed)+by O

The past continuous tense
EX4:
A: He was reading a new book at 3:00 yesterday
-) A new book was being read at 3:00 yesterday
A: Mai was doing exercises at this time of yesterday
-) Exercises were being done by Mai at this time of
yesterday
Active: S + was/were + V (ing) + O
Passive: S + was/were + being + V(3, ed)+by O

The present perfect tense
EX5:
A: They have invited me to the ceremony.
-) I have been invited to the ceremony.
A: I haven’t received the letter
-) The letter hasn’t been received by me
Active: S + has/have + V (3, ed) + O

Passive: S + has/have + been + V(3, ed)+by O
Other cases
EX6:
A: These men can drive a car
-) A car can be driven by these men
A: I will write a letter tomorrow
-) a letter will be written tomorrow by me
Active: S + can/ must / will. . . + V1 + O
Passive: S + can/must… + be + V(3, ed)+by O

Other cases
EX7:
A: Why did you explain it ?
-) Why was it explained ?
A: Where will you do these exercises tomorrow ?
-) Where will these exercises be done tomorrow ?
Active: Wh word + [ will/ does / do/ did ] + S+ V + O ?
Passive: WH – WORD + BE + S + V3 ?
Other cases
EX8:
A: Do you solve this problem ?
-) Is this problem solved ?
A: Did your mother make some cakes ?
-) Were some cakes made by your mother ?
Active: DO / DOES / DID + S + V + O ?
Passive: IS / ARE / WAS / WERE + S + V3 ?

EX9:
Other cases
A: My girlfriend hates people keeping her waiting.
-) My girlfriend hates being kept waiting.
B: She suggests drinking beer at the party.
-) She suggests (that) beer should be drunk at the
party.
Active: S + V1 + O + Ving

Passive: S + V1 + Being + V3/ed
Active: S + V1 + Ving + O…

Passive: S + V1 + (that) + O + should be + V3/ed
EX10:
Other cases
A: Write your name here.
-) Let your name BE WRITTEN here .
A: Don’t open your phone.
-) Don’t let your phone BE OPENED.
Active: V + O
Passive: LET + O + BE + V3
Note
Active: Look after the children please!
Passive: The children should be looked after!
The children are to be looked after!
Other cases
EX11:
A: We gave him a nice present on his birthday.
-) He was given a nice present on his birthday.
-) A nice present was given to him on his birthday.
Note: TO, FOR are commonly used in this case
 give, bring, send, show, write, post, pass… + to
 buy, make, cook, keep, find, get, save, order … + for
Other cases
EX12: Have or Get something done. (nhờ vả).
 Have
Eg: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
-> I had my bicycle repaired yesterday
Active: S + have + Object(person) + bare infinitive + Object
Passive: S +have+Object (thing)+Past Participle (by +Object(p
 Get
Eg: I get her to make some coffee.
-> I get some coffee made.
Active: S + get + O (person) + to infinitive + O (thing)
Passive: S + get + O (thing) + Past participle (+by + O(person))
Other cases
EX13:
Eg: It's very difficult to study English.
-> It's very difficult for English to be studied.
Active: It + be + adj + to-V + O
Passive: It + be + adj + for O + to be + V3/ed
Eg: It's their duty to do this job.

-> They are supposed to do this job.
Active: It + be + my/your/... + duty + to-V + (O)
Passive: I/You/ + be + supposed + to-V + (O)

Reported Speech: say, think, believe, report, hope, explain …
Ex1: They think that he is a good teacher.
=> It is thought that he is a good teacher.
=> He is thought to be a good teacher.
Active S1 + V1 (present) + that + S2 + V2 (present) + O.
It is + P.p of V1 + that + S2 + V2 (present) + O

Passive
S2 + am/is/are + P.p of V1 + to + V2 (present)
Ex2: Villagers think that he broke into her house.
=> It is thought that he broke into her house .
=> He is thought to have broken into her house .
Active S1 + V1 (present) + that + S2 + V2 (past) + O.
Passiv It is + P.p of V1 + that + S2 + V2 (past) + O

e
S2 + am/is/are + P.p of V1 + to + have + P.p
Ex3: They think that she is living in London.
=> It is thought that she is living in Lodon.
=> She is thought to be living in London.
Active S1 + V1 (present) + that + S2 + V2 (pre. cont) + O.
Passiv It is + P.p of V1 + that + S2 + V2 (pre. cont) + O

e
S2 + am/is/are + P.p of V1 + to + be + Ving
Ex4: We think that they were doing homework.
=> It is thought that they were doing homework.
=> They are thought to have been doing homework .
Active S1 + V1 (present) + that + S2 + V2 (past. cont) + O.
Passiv It is + P.p of V1 + that + S2 + V2 (past. cont) + O

e
S2 + am/is/are + P.p of V1 + to + have + been +
Ving
Ex5: The police believed that the murderer died.
=> It was believed that the murderer died.
=> The murderer was believed to die.
Active S1 + V1 (past) + that + S2 + V2 (past) + O.
It+ was/were + P.p of V1 + that + S2 + V2 (past) +

Passiv O
e
S2 + was/were + P.p of V1 + to+ V (present)

Passive Voice (Full)

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Passive Voice (Full)

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PASSIVE

This room is cleaned by Mary every morning

 A passive structure can be formed by AN TRANSITIVE

Passive: S + am/is/are +V (3,ed)+by O

Passive: S + was/were +V(3,ed)+by O

Active: S + am/is/are + V (ing) + O

Passive: S + am/is/are + being + V(3, ed)+by O

Active: S + was/were + V (ing) + O

Passive: S + was/were + being + V(3, ed)+by O

Active: S + has/have + V (3, ed) + O

Active: S + can/ must / will. . . + V1 + O

Passive: S + can/must… + be + V(3, ed)+by O

Active: Wh word + [ will/ does / do/ did ] + S+ V + O ?

Active: DO / DOES / DID + S + V + O ?

Passive: IS / ARE / WAS / WERE + S + V3 ?

Passive: It + be + adj + for O + to be + V3/ed

Eg: It's their duty to do this job.

Passive: I/You/ + be + supposed + to-V + (O)

Ex1: They think that he is a good teacher.

=> It is thought that he is a good teacher.

=> He is thought to be a good teacher.

Active S1 + V1 (present) + that + S2 + V2 (present) + O.

It is + P.p of V1 + that + S2 + V2 (present) + O

Ex2: Villagers think that he broke into her house.

=> It is thought that he broke into her house .

=> He is thought to have broken into her house .

Active S1 + V1 (present) + that + S2 + V2 (past) + O.

Passiv It is + P.p of V1 + that + S2 + V2 (past) + O

Ex3: They think that she is living in London.

=> It is thought that she is living in Lodon.

=> She is thought to be living in London.

Active S1 + V1 (present) + that + S2 + V2 (pre. cont) + O.

Passiv It is + P.p of V1 + that + S2 + V2 (pre. cont) + O

Ex4: We think that they were doing homework.

=> It is thought that they were doing homework.

=> They are thought to have been doing homework .

Active S1 + V1 (present) + that + S2 + V2 (past. cont) + O.

Passiv It is + P.p of V1 + that + S2 + V2 (past. cont) + O

Ex5: The police believed that the murderer died.

=> It was believed that the murderer died.

=> The murderer was believed to die.

Active S1 + V1 (past) + that + S2 + V2 (past) + O.

It+ was/were + P.p of V1 + that + S2 + V2 (past) +

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