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Overview of Oracle Database

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30 views

Overview of Oracle Database

oracle database

Uploaded by

kwakutse20
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

General Overview of Oracle

Database
DB
Last Month Next Month

• Exadata support • Exadata support

• Monitoring and supporting • Monitoring and supporting


Dataguard for FCUBS and OBDX Dataguard for FCUBS and OBDX
Instance versus Database

• A database is an organized collection of structured information,


or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system. A
database is usually controlled by a
database management system (DBMS).
• An instance is a set of memory structures and background
processes used to tap in to a database
• Can be started and stopped independently

MEMORY STRUCTURES + BACKGROUND PROCESSES = INSTANCE


Oracle Database Architecture: Overview
Instance

SMON PMON RECO Others

SGA
Shared pool
Library
Database cache
Redo log
buffer
buffer
cache Data dictionary
cache

Server
DBWn CKPT LGWR ARCn
process

User Archived
process Control Online redo log files
Data files files log files
Database
• System Global Area (SGA): Group of shared memory structures,
known as SGA
• components, that contain data and control information for one
Oracle Database instance.
•
• Database buffer cache: Caches blocks of data retrieved from the
database

• Redo log buffer: Caches redo information (used for instance


recovery) until it can be written to the physical redo log files stored
on the disk

• Shared pool: in oracle contains cache information that collects,


parses, interprets and executes SQL statements that goes against
database
• Process Structures
• The background processes
• Database writer process (DBWn)
• Log writer process (LGWR)
• Checkpoint process (CKPT)
• System Monitor process (SMON)
• Process monitor process (PMON)
• Archiver processes (ARCn)
Physical and logical database structure
Database Storage Architecture DB structures
- Memory
- Process
 Storage

Control files Data files Online redo log files

Parameter file Archived redo log files

Password file Alert log and trace files


Database Storage Architecture
The files that constitute an Oracle database are organized into the following:
Control files: Contain data about the database itself (that is, physical database structure
information). These files are critical to the database. Without them, you cannot open data
files to access the data in the database.
•
Data files: Contain the user or application data of the database, as well as metadata and
the data dictionary
•
Online redo log files: Allow for instance recovery of the database. If the database
server crashes and does not lose any data files, the instance can recover the database with
the information in these files.
• Parameter file: Is used to define how the instance is configured when it
starts up
•
Password file: Allows sysdba, sysoper, and sysasm to connect
remotely to the database and perform administrative tasks
•
Archived redo log files: Contain an ongoing history of the data changes
(redo) that are generated by the instance. Using these files and a backup of
the database, you can recover a lost data file. That is, archive logs enable
the recovery of restored data files.
Logical and Physical Database Structures

Logical Physical

Database

Schema Tablespace Data file

Segment

Extent

Oracle data
OS block
block
Tablespaces and Data Files
• Tablespaces consist of one or more data files.
• Data files belong to only one tablespace.

Data file 1 Data file 2

USERS tablespace
Tablespaces and Data Files

• The Oracle database stores data logically in tablespaces and


physically in data files.
• Tablespaces:
• Can belong to only one database
• Consist of one or more data files
• Are further divided into logical units of storage
• Data files: Database
• Can belong to only one Tablespace
tablespace and one database
• Are a repository for schema
Data files
object data
Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance:
OPEN

OPEN
STARTUP All files opened as
described by the control
MOUNT file for this instance

Control file
opened for this
NOMOUNT instance

Instance
started
SHUTDOWN
Startup Options: Examples

SQL> startup 1

SQL> startup nomount 2

SQL> alter database mount; 3

SQL> alter database open; 4


Shutdown Modes

Shutdown Mode A I T N

Allows new connections No No No No

Waits until current sessions end No No No Yes

Waits until current transactions end No No Yes Yes

Forces a checkpoint and closes files No Yes Yes Yes

Shutdown modes:
• A = ABORT
• I = IMMEDIATE
• T = TRANSACTIONAL
• N = NORMAL
ASM and RAC CONCEPTS
Automatic Storage Management

• Is a portable and high-performance


cluster file system
• Manages Oracle database files Application
• Spreads data across disks
to balance load Database
• Mirrors data File
system
• Solves storage-management ASM
Volume
challenges manager

Operating system
What is RAC?
Multiple instances running on separate servers (nodes)
Single database on shared storage accessible to all nodes
Instances exchange information over an interconnect network

Interconnect
Instance 1 Instance 2

Node 1 Node 2

Shared
Storage
OCR (Oracle Cluster Registry) – resides on shared storage and maintains
information about cluster configuration and information about cluster database.
OCR contains information like which database instances run on which nodes and
which services runs on which database.
Voting Disk – is file that resides on shared storage and Manages cluster members.
Voting disk reassigns cluster ownership between the nodes in case of failure.
Diskgroup –

VIP -virtual IP
Interconnect - Instances communicate with each other over the interconnect
(network)
SCAN Ips
SCAN – Single Client Access Name
Cluster commands

• Crsctl stat res –t


• Crsctl start/stop cluster

ASM commands
• Asmcmd lsdg
• Asmcmd mount all
• Asmcmd umount all
RMAN backups
Using the RMAN Command Line

1 $ rman target /
2 RMAN> CONFIGURE …
3 RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;

Copies of

Control
Control Archived log
Data files files file SPFILE
file

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