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Lecture 2 - Database Management

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Lecture 2 - Database Management

Uploaded by

Musara Pettie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HMINE 316

DATA BASE MANAGEMENT AND


WAREHOUSING

Lecture 2
Outline of Today’s Class
• What is a Database?
• What is a DBMS?
What is a Database?

A database is a collection of related data


which represents some aspect of the
real world.

A database system is

designed to be built and populated with


data for a certain task.
What is DBMS?

a software for storing and retrieving


users' data by considering appropriate
security measures. It allows users to
create their own databases as per their
requirement.
What is DBMS cont

It consists of a group of programs


which manipulate the database
and provide an interface between
the database. It includes the user
of the database and other
application programs.
What is DBMS cont

The DBMS accepts the request for data from an


application and instructs the operating system to
provide the specific data. In large systems, a
DBMS helps users and other third-party
software to store and retrieve data.
What is DBMS cont

The DBMS accepts the request for data from an


application and instructs the operating system to
provide the specific data. In large systems, a
DBMS helps users and other third-party
software to store and retrieve data.

They help in representation of Data


Examples
Online Telephone Directory- People ,Contacts,
Student Registry Database – Registration Data, Exams, Marks , Attendance
Electricity Service Provider – Billing, Clients issues, Fault Data etc
Facebook – Friends , Member Activities , Adverts and more

Types
Hierarchical DBMS - eg Windows Registry DB
Networked DBMS – Many to Many r/ship complex DB structure
Relational DBMS – data is strored thru predefined data types, data is in
form of table asks relations eg Oracle, MySql,
, SQL Server, MSAccess

Object Oriented – allowes storage of new data types


Stores objects w attributes, and methods that define wat to do with the
data eg PostgreSQL
University Example

this database is maintaining information concerning


students, courses, and grades in a university
environment. The database is organized as files:

The STUDENT file stores data of each student


The COURSE file stores contain data on each course.
The SECTION stores the information about sections in a
particular course.
The GRADE file stores the grades which students
receive in the various sections
The TUTOR file contains information about each
professor.
To define a database system….

We need to specify the structure of the records of each


file by defining the different types of data elements to be
stored in each record.

We can also use a coding scheme to represent the


values of a data item.

Basically, your Database will have many tables with a


foreign key defined amongst the various tables.
History of DBMS

1960 - Charles Bachman designed first DBMS system


1970 - Codd introduced IBM'S Information Management System
(IMS)
1976- Peter Chen coined and defined the Entity-relationship
model also know as the ER model
1980 - Relational Model becomes a widely accepted database
component
1985- Object-oriented DBMS develops.
1990s- Incorporation of object-orientation in relational DBMS.
1991- Microsoft ships MS access, a personal DBMS and that
displaces all other personal DBMS products.
1995: First Internet database applications
1997: XML applied to database processing. Many vendors begin
to integrate XML into DBMS products.
Characteristics of Database Management System

• Provides security and removes redundancy


• Self-describing nature of a database system
• Insulation between programs and data abstraction
• Support of multiple views of the data
• Sharing of data and multiuser transaction processing
• DBMS allows entities and relations among them to
form tables.
• It follows the ACID concept ( Atomicity, Consistency,
Isolation, and Durability).
• DBMS supports multi-user environment that allows
users to access and manipulate data in parallel.
DBMS vs. Flat File

DBMS Flat File Management System

Multi-user access It does not support multi-user


access
Design to fulfill the need for It is only limited to smaller
small and large businesses DBMS system.
Remove redundancy and Redundancy and Integrity
Integrity issues
Expensive. But in the long term It's cheaper
Total Cost of Ownership is
cheap
Easy to implement complicated No support for complicated
transactions transactions
Users in a DBMS environment

The following, are the various category of users of a DBMS system

Component Name Task


Application Programmers The Application programmers write
programs in various programming
languages to interact with databases.
Database Administrators Database Admin is responsible for
managing the entire DBMS system.
He/She is called Database admin or
DBA.
End-Users The end users are the people who
interact with the database management
system. They conduct various
operations on database like retrieving,
updating, deleting, etc.

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