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Disk Scheduling Algorithms in Operating Systems

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31 views

Disk Scheduling Algorithms in Operating Systems

Uploaded by

sairokzee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Disk Scheduling Algorithms in

Operating Systems
In the world of operating systems, disk scheduling algorithms play a crucial role in optimizing storage access and improving
overall system performance. These algorithms determine the order in which pending disk I/O requests are serviced, ensuring
efficient utilization of the storage device.
Introduction to Disk Scheduling
1 Importance of Disk 2 Objectives of Disk 3 Algorithms Discussed
Scheduling Scheduling The presentation will cover
Efficient disk scheduling is Disk scheduling algorithms aim several prominent disk
essential for minimizing seek to balance factors such as scheduling algorithms,
time, reducing latency, and fairness, throughput, and including FCFS, SSTF, Scan,
enhancing throughput, leading response time to optimize C-Scan, and Look.
to improved system overall system performance.
responsiveness.
First-Come, First-Served (FCFS) Algorithm
Simple Approach Easy to Implement
The FCFS algorithm services disk I/O requests in the FCFS is a straightforward algorithm that does not
order they arrive, regardless of their positions on the require complex calculations or data structures.
disk.

Potential for Starvation Suboptimal Seek Time


FCFS can lead to long waiting times for requests at the FCFS does not consider the physical location of
end of the queue, potentially causing starvation. requests, resulting in higher seek times and reduced
overall efficiency.
Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF) Algorithm
Seek Time Optimization Improved Efficiency Potential for Starvation

SSTF prioritizes the requests that can SSTF can significantly reduce the SSTF may lead to starvation of
be serviced with the shortest seek average seek time and improve requests that are located far from the
time, minimizing the total distance overall system throughput compared current disk head position.
traveled by the disk arm. to FCFS.
Scan Algorithm
Scan Direction Fairness and Efficiency
The Scan algorithm services requests in the direction of the Scan provides a balance between fairness and efficiency,
disk arm's movement, either from the lowest to the highest reducing the maximum waiting time for requests.
cylinder or vice versa.

1 2 3

Reverse Direction
Once the disk arm reaches the end of the disk, it reverses
direction and services the remaining requests.
C-Scan Algorithm

Circular Scan Uniform Service Improved Efficiency


C-Scan is a variant of the Scan C-Scan provides a more uniform C-Scan's circular movement can lead
algorithm that services requests in a service distribution, reducing the to higher throughput and better overall
circular manner, moving from the maximum waiting time for requests system performance compared to the
lowest to the highest cylinder and then located in the middle or end of the standard Scan algorithm.
returning to the lowest. disk.
Look Algorithm
Seek Direction
The Look algorithm services requests in the direction of the disk arm's movement, but it
does not move beyond the first and last requests in the queue.

Reverse Direction
Once the disk arm reaches the last request in the current direction, it reverses direction
and services the remaining requests.

Reduced Unnecessary Seeks


By avoiding unnecessary seeks beyond the first and last requests, Look can improve
efficiency and reduce overall seek time.
Conclusion and Comparison of Algorithms
Algorithm Seek Time Fairness Complexity

FCFS High High Low

SSTF Low Low Medium

Scan Medium Medium Medium

C-Scan Medium High Medium

Look Low Medium Medium

Each disk scheduling algorithm has its own strengths and trade-offs, catering to different system requirements and priorities. The
choice of algorithm depends on the specific needs of the operating system and the storage subsystem.

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