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Introduction To Programming

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bushra nowrin
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
10 views

Introduction To Programming

Uploaded by

bushra nowrin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Introduction to

programming

Presented By
Nahia Bushra Nowrin

PAGE 1
Program and programming concept

Programming Languages

Course Program translation


Outline
Program Development and Design

Program design tools- Algorithm and Flow chart

PAGE 2
Computer program
 The term Program refers to a set of instructionsthat
instructs a computer on what to do. Programs areSolutions
to Problems and they are written using programming
languages.
 A program can instruct a computer to:
Read/ accept Input data
Calculate or compare
Store data
Write or display Output and
communicationmessages.The term
Software
 refers to a computer program or set ofprograms and its
associated documentation such as userguide, technical
manual
First Skill PAGE 3
Second Skill Third Skill Conclusion
Programming Concept
 Input/output
 Data types, variables, constants and memory allocation
 Flow control
 Language interpretation (compilation vs. interpretation)
 High level programming languages vs. Low level programming languages
 Top –down vs. Bottom up decomposition
 Structured vs. Object oriented programming models

PAGE 4
Programming language

 This refers to the process of writing


computer programs using a programming
language.
 The person who write such instructions is
a programmer
 Each natural language has a systematic
method of using symbols of a language.
This is dictated by rules of grammar
 semantic (structure)and syntax (words
and symbols)

 Similarly, computer programming


languages are governed by the structure
and syntax
PAGE 5
Programming Language

PAGE 6
Low Level Language
ASSEMBLY LAMGUAGES (2GL)
MACHINE LANGUAGES (1GL)
 This is the oldest form of computer  Assembly language use mnemonics such as
programming. Plugboards were used ADD that are automatically converted to the
to represent data in binary appropriate sequence of 1s and 0s by a
(machine)form in the computer translator called
circuitry. Data represented in 1sand 0s  assembler
are said to be written in machine  . Compared to machine languages,assembly
language. For example, the code languages are much easier for humansto
below represent a segment of a understand and to use. The machine
machine code: languagecode we gave above could be
expressed inassembly languages as:
1011010100
 ADD 210(8,13),02B(4,7)
1010111101
PAGE 7
High level languages

 PROCEDURAL LANGUAGES (3GL)


 Procedural languages, also known as third generation languages uses human like language.They
are intended to solve general problems. Examples of procedural languages are C,
Pascal,FORTRAN, COBOL etc.
 Like assembly languages, procedural languagesmust be translated into machine language so that
the computer processes it. Depending on thelanguage this translation is performed by either a
compiler or an interpreter.

PAGE 8
Program Translator
Compiler Interpreter
 The Compiler is a translator which takes input  An Interpreter is a program that translates a
i.e., High-Level Language, and produces an programming language into a comprehensible
output of low-level language i.e. machine or language.
assembly language. The work of a Compiler is
to transform the codes written in the  It translates only one statement of the
programming language into machine code program at a time.
(format of 0s and 1s) so that computers can  Interpreters, more often than not are smaller
understand. than compilers.

PAGE 9
 Program Development refers to the process of coming up
with a computer program from scratch to solve a given
problem. It involves several steps some of which do not
PROGRAM involve a computer at all.
DEVELOPMENT  Program design is the determination of the form, structure
AND DESIGN and algorithm that a computer program shall have.
 It’s the arrangement of the various elements of a program
to come up with the best quality of a program to solve the
problem at hand. Program design is one of the steps in the
program development process

PAGE 10
Program Design
Tools
Algorithm
An algorithm is a representation of a solution to a problem. An algorithm is an effective
method expressed as a finite list of well-defined instructions for calculating a function. In other
words, an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to solve a given problem.
Flow Chart
A flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of the steps followed in solving a problem or
describing an algorithm. A flowchart is a diagram made up of boxes, diamonds and other shapes,
connected by arrows - each shape represents a step in the process, and the arrows show the order
in which they occur

PAGE 11
PAGE 12
Thank You

PAGE 13

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