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Data Collection Procedure

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kentonil888
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12 views

Data Collection Procedure

Uploaded by

kentonil888
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• the process of gathering and measuring information

on variables of interest, in an established systematic


fashion that enables one to answer stated research
questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.
The data collection component of
research is common to all fields of
study including physical and social
sciences, humanities, business, etc.
While methods vary by discipline,
the emphasis on ensuring accurate
and honest collection remains the
same.
Interviews

Surveys Observation

Tools used
to find
Computer information Books
and internet and collect
data
Computer
and internet
• A simple search
through a search
engine will result in
several websites
that are useful for
data collection.
Surveys
• These are useful in
businesses, mental health
studies, school projects or
any other data collection that
requires information from a
large number of people.
Surveys ask specific
questions that are filled out
by individuals.
Interviews

• used to gain
information about a
specific subject. These
are commonly used by
news reporters to gain
first-hand information
about a specific story.
Group interviews can be classified into
two types:
• FOCUS GROUPS – participants are selected
by the researcher according to the
specific sampling criteria.
• NATURAL GROUPS – participants belong
to a group that exists independently of the
study.
Types of Interview:
• STRUCTURED INTERVIEW- an
interview that requires a
interview schedule or a list of
questions answerable with
one and only item from a set
of alternative responses.
• UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEW - the
respondents answer the question
based on what they personally
think and feel about it.
• SEMI-STRUCTURED- you prepare an
interview schedule. However, after
choosing one from the suggested answers,
the respondents answer another set of
questions to make them explain the
reasons behind their choices.
Observation
• This is first-hand data
rather than second-hand
data from another
source. It includes specific
items that are measured,
seen or that others can
reproduce.
Two Kinds of Observation Tools:

• Observation Checklist – quantitative in


nature, and make use of ratings or
numerical rankings.
• Observation Guide – more qualitative,
and allow more general descriptive
documents.
Types of Observation:
• Participant observation- the observer,
who is the researcher, takes part in the
activities of the individual or group being
observed.
• Structured observation- you just watch
and listen to your participants do their
own thing without you participating in
any of their activities.
Methods of Observation:

• Direct observation- it makes you see or


listen to everything that happens in the
area of observation.

• Indirect observation- you observe traces


of past events to get information
Books
• These are primary tools for
data collection. There are books
available about any subject that
ranges from mythology to
history to science and math. The
wide range of subjects available
in books allows for finding data
about any specific subject.
Consequences from improperly
collected data
inability to answer research
questions accurately
inability to repeat and
validate the study
distorted findings resulting
in wasted resources
misleading other researchers
to pursue fruitless avenues of
investigation

compromising decisions for


public policy

causing harm to human


participants and animal
subjects
Issues related to maintaining integrity
of data collection
• QUALITY ASSURANCE- Since quality
assurance precedes data collection, its
main focus is 'prevention' (i.e.,
forestalling problems with data
collection). Prevention is the most cost-
effective activity to ensure the integrity
of data collection.
• This proactive measure is best
demonstrated by the standardization of
protocol developed in a comprehensive
and detailed procedures manual for
data collection. Poorly written manuals
increase the risk of failing to identify
problems and errors early in the
research endeavor.
• QUALITY CONTROL- While quality
control activities (detection/monitoring
and action) occur during and after data
collection, the details should be carefully
documented in the procedures manual.
A clearly defined communication
structure is a necessary pre- condition for
establishing monitoring systems.
• There should not be any uncertainty
about the flow of information
between principal investigators and
staff members following the detection
of errors in data collection. A poorly
developed communication structure
encourages lax monitoring and limits
opportunities for detecting errors.
6 steps for a successful data collection:

• Step 1: Identify issues and/or opportunities


for collecting data.
• Step 2: Select issue(s) and/or
opportunity(ies) and set goals.

• Step 3: Plan an approach and methods.


• Step 4: Collect data.

• Step 5: Analyze and interpret data.

• Step 6: Act on results.

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