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HUMIDITY &
CONDENSATION HUMIDITY Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor or moisture present in the air. It is a measure of the concentration of water vapor in the air, usually expressed as a percentage of the maximum amount of moisture that the air can hold at a given temperature and pressure. The higher the humidity, the more moisture is present in the air.
Relative humidity is the most commonly used
measure of humidity. CONDENSATION Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air changes into liquid water. This occurs when the temperature of the air drops below its dew point temperature, which is the temperature at which the air becomes saturated with water vapor and can no longer hold all the moisture.
When the air is cooled, it loses its ability to hold as much
water vapor and the excess moisture in the air condenses into tiny droplets of liquid water, forming what we commonly refer to as dew or fog. This process is also responsible for the formation of clouds and precipitation. PROPERTIES OF WATER CYCLE
The water cycle, also known as the
hydrologic cycle, is the continuous process by which water moves from one part of the Earth to another, cycling through various stages including evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. WATER CYCLE Evaporation: This is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor, and is lifted into the atmosphere. It occurs when solar energy heats the surface of the Earth, causing water to evaporate from oceans, lakes, and other bodies of water.
Condensation: This is the process by which water vapor in the air changes into liquid water, forming clouds. It occurs when the temperature of the air drops below its dew point temperature, causing water vapor to condense into tiny droplets of liquid water. WATER CYCLE Precipitation: This is the process by which water falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Precipitation occurs when clouds become saturated with moisture and cannot hold any more water, causing the water droplets to fall back to the Earth's surface.
Infiltration: This is the process by which precipitation enters the soil and replenishes groundwater reservoirs. It occurs when water seeps into the ground, moving through soil and rocks until it reaches the water table. WATER CYCLE Transpiration: This is the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through their leaves. It occurs when water is taken up by plant roots and transported to the leaves where it evaporates into the atmosphere.
Runoff: This is the process by which water flows over the surface of the Earth and into rivers, lakes, and oceans. It occurs when precipitation or melting snow and ice cannot be absorbed by the ground, and flows into nearby bodies of water. EFFECTS OF HUMIDITY TO WEATHER CONDITIONS
Humidity can have a significant impact on weather conditions, as it affects
how much moisture is present in the air. Here are some of the effects of humidity on weather conditions:
Temperature: High humidity can make the air feel warmer than it actually is, as the moisture in the air can make it harder for sweat to evaporate from the skin, which is the body's natural cooling mechanism. Conversely, low humidity can make the air feel cooler than it actually is, as the lack of moisture allows sweat to evaporate more easily. EFFECTS OF HUMIDITY TO WEATHER CONDITIONS
Precipitation: Humidity plays a crucial role in the formation of clouds and precipitation. When the air is humid, it can hold more moisture, which increases the likelihood of clouds forming and rain or snow falling. Conversely, when the air is dry, clouds are less likely to form, and precipitation is less likely to occur.
Visibility: Humidity can also affect visibility, particularly in areas where there is a lot of moisture in the air. High humidity can cause fog to form, which can reduce visibility and make driving and other activities hazardous. EFFECTS OF HUMIDITY TO WEATHER CONDITIONS
Thunderstorms: High humidity can also contribute to the formation of thunderstorms, as the warm, moist air rising from the surface can create unstable conditions in the atmosphere, leading to the development of thunderstorms.
Overall, humidity is an important factor in determining weather conditions,
and it can have a significant impact on human comfort, plant growth, and other environmental factors. Understanding the effects of humidity on weather conditions is important for predicting and preparing for different weather patterns. RELEVANCE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND DEW POINT IN NAVIGATION : Relative Humidity: Relative humidity is a measure of how much moisture is present in the air relative to the maximum amount it can hold at a given temperature. High humidity can cause fog, reduce visibility, and create hazardous sailing conditions. In addition, high humidity can affect the density of the air, which can impact ship performance, such as maneuverability and speed. For example, ships may require more power to maintain their speed in high humidity conditions. RELEVANCE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND DEW POINT IN NAVIGATION :
Dew Point: Dew point is the temperature at which water vapor in the air condenses into liquid water. It is an important measure for mariners because it helps them determine the likelihood of cloud formation, precipitation, and icing conditions. If the dew point temperature is close to or below freezing, mariners may need to take precautions to prevent ice from forming on the ship, which can affect its maneuverability and performance.
