Case Study 2
Case Study 2
Case Study 2
EXOCRINE FUNCTION:
Produces digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase, and proteases) that are released
into the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fats, proteins & carbohydrates.
The process of pancreatic secretion involves chemical work and is linked to an
increase in the amount of oxygen that is consumed.
The pancreatic duct cells contain carbonic anhydrase, which allows them to
produce the hydrogen carbonate that is then expelled into the duct lumen.
ENDOCRINE FUNCTION:
The pancreas also produces hormones, including insulin and glucagon, which
help to regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose into
cells, while glucagon promotes the release of glucose from the liver.
Overall the pancreas plays a vital role in maintaining the body's metabolism and energy balance.
INTRODUCTION TO PANCREATITIS
DIAGRAMATIC REPRESENTATION
Normal Pancreas v/s Inflammed Pancreas
INTRODUCTION TO PANCREATITIS
DIAGRAMATIC REPRESENTATION
Acute Pancreatitis v/s Chronic Pancreatitis
TYPES OF PANCREATITIS
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by a sudden inflammation of the pancreas,
which typically resolves within a few days to a week with appropriate treatment.
Temporary, often resolves with treatment.
Sudden and severe onset.
It can range from mild discomfort to a severe, life threatning illness.
CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
Chronic pancreatitis is a long-lasting inflammation of the pancreas that causes
permanent damage, leading to irreversible changes in the organ's structure and
function.
Long-term, ongoing condition.
It is Irreversible damage with ongoing management needed.
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
CAUSES
Gallstones
Heavy alcohol consumption
Certain medications
Infections
Trauma
Genetic mutations
Tumors
High Calcium Levels
High Triglyceride Levels
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
SYMPTOMS
Severe abdominal pain often radiating to the back.
Nausea and vomiting
Fever
Rapid pulse
Swollen and tender abdomen
Upper Abdominal Pain
CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
CAUSES
Long-term alcohol abuse
Genetic factors (e.g., cystic fibrosis)
Chronic blockage of pancreatic ducts
Autoimmune conditions
Recurrent acute pancreatitis
Smoking
Elevated Triglycerides
CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
SYMPTOMS
Persistent abdominal pain
Weight loss and malnutrition
Steatorrhea (fatty stools)
Diabetes
Jaundice (if bile ducts are blocked)
Diarrhea
Shortness of Breath
Unexplained Weight Loss
Excessive Thirst & Fatigue
COMPLICATIONS
Kidney Failure
Breathing Problems
Infection
Pancreatic Cancer
Diabetes
Malnutrition
Pseudocyst
DIAGNOSIS
Height -178 cm
Weight - 85 kg
Chest - 112cms
Waist - 113 cm
Hip - 116 cm
Left arm- 35cms
Right Arm - 35 cm
Left Calf - 36 cm
Right Calf - 36cm
Left Thigh - 54 cm
Right Thigh - 54 cm
Body Fat Percentage – 25%
BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
BMI:
=WEIGHT/ (HEIGHT IN METER)^2
=85/1.78* 1.78
=26.8
He is 7 kg overweight.
CALCULATIONS
As he is obese.
Fats = 20%
Kcal = IBW*20
= 20*(1560/100)
(Energy) = 78*20
= 312/9
= 1560 kcals
=34.6g
Protein = 0.8g/BW (16%)
= 0.8g/78
= 62.4g
CHO = 50%
= 50*(1560/100)
=780/4
= 200g (approx.)
Exchange List for the Menu Planning
Food Group No. of Energy Protein (g) Carbohydrates (g) Fat (g)
Exchang es (kcal)
Sugar 4 80 - 20 -
Fats/Oils 3 135 - - 15
TOTAL 1612.5 62.9 207.5 37.8
Distribution Table
Food Group Breakfast Breakfast Mid Meal Mid Meal Lunch Lunch
Exchange Energy Exchange Energy Exchange Energy
(kcal) (Kcal) (kcal)
Cereals/Millets 1 100 1 100
Pulses 2 200
Egg
Chicken 1/2 50
Nuts/Oilseeds 1/4 25
Milk (Toned) 1 70
Paneer 1/2 50
Roots/Tubers 1/4 20 1/4 20
Green leafy veg 1/4 11.25 1/2 22.5 1 45
Other Veg 1/4 7.5 1/4 7.5 1/4 7.5
Fruits (a) 1/2 20
Sugar 1/2 10 1 20
Fats/Oils 1/2 22.5 1 45
Total 211.25 285 357.5
Distribution Table
Food Group Snacks Snacks Mid-snack Mid snack Dinner Dinner
Exchnge Energy Exchange Energy Exchange Energy
(kcal) (Kcal) (kcal)
Onion 10 8 -
Potato 10 ¼ 8 0.3 4.5
Carrot 5 4 -
Cabbage 15 6.7 0.9 0.1
Spinach 10 ¼ 4.5 -
Peas 10 3 0.4
French bean 15 ¼ 4.5 -
Oil 2.5 ½ 22.5 - 2.5
Total 211.25 7.6 32 3.7
MID MEAL
Name of the Ingredients Amt No of Energy Protein Carbohydrat Fat
Recipe (g) exchanges (kcal) (g) e (g)
(g)
Tossed Rajma 60 2 200 12 30 1.4
Rajma Til Seeds 20 1 100 1.5 10 0.4
Salad Lettuce 25
Cabbage 15 ½ 22.5 1.8 0.2
Broccoli 10
Peas 10 ¼ 7.5 0.4
French Bean 15
Guava 25 ¼ 10 2.5
Pineapple 25 ¼ 10 2.5
Oil 5 1 45 - - 5
White bread, pasta, sugar, and other refined foods are a strict no.
Avoid red meat and organ meat.
Stay away from commercial foods that contain trans fats.
Avoid tea, coffee, and packaged drinks.
Fried foods, pizzas, butter, eggs, potato chips, cheese,should be avoided
Alcohol and smoking should be avoided.
Avoid butter, margarine, ghee, full-fat dairy, and mayonnaise.
The above mentioned foods are rich of simple carbs and fat which put
pressure on pancreas for the secretion of pancreatic juices which may cause
severe abdominal pain and may worsen the condition.
Food Items You Can Eat If You Have Acute
Pancreatitis
Whole grains and cereals should be consumed as they work to protect your
digestion and fight the free radicals that damage your pancreas.
Low fat yogurt should be an important part of your daily diet, whether you
have it with your meals or as a light snack.
Veggie soups are great as well.
Spinach is rich in iron, so consume loads of this veggie. Blueberries are great
as they are rich in antioxidants that combat free radicals.
Vitamin B is important, so keep foods such as dark leafy veggies, whole grains,
etc. in stock.
Fluids are a must.
Water, juices, and soups are a big yes.
LIFESTYLE CHANGES
This case highlights the critical role of dietary management in the treatment and
recovery from acute pancreatitis.
The phased approach, starting from NPO status and progressing to a low-fat,
nutrient-rich diet, aims to rest the pancreas while ensuring nutritional adequacy.
Regular monitoring and patient education are essential to manage symptoms,
prevent recurrence, and promote long-term health.
Through a personalized diet plan and comprehensive care, patients can achieve a
successful recovery and maintain their health.