Smart Energy Management by Iot

ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM USING IOT
INTRODUCTION
• It may be impossible to control the home appliances outside the

home. A user need not switch ON and OFF home appliances
manually. Our system allows user to operate through smart
home energy management system. The energy consumed by
the electrical appliances can be saved by at least 15% with the
implementation of microcontroller. The existing system is
controlled by IR technology. But it has some demerits such as
IR receive only 180 degree radiations. Though it transmit and
receives signals but it does not support network. By over come
this demerits the IoT based smart controlling technology is
developed. Microcontroller processor is only applicable for
proposed system. It can be control via internet. The proposed
WHAT IS IoT
The Internet of Things is a network of physical objects (such as connected devices
and smart devices), embedded with electronics, software, sensors and network
connectivity that enables these objects to collect and exchange data.
IoT is commonly used for smart home, data acquisition, smart energy monitoring,
industrial automation , and a variety of platforms. This project describes the
architecture of an Internet of things based Energy Monitoring System in the power
system. The goal of this project is to visualize and monitor the power consumption
online on a smart phone using mobile application by integrating smart plugs, sensors,
Internet of Things (IoT) devices and GATEWAY which enables the communication
between the various smart plugs and the web server hosting the monitoring system
application, thereby facilitating the user to act accordingly to save power or to
provide the reliable power supply by making maximum use of Renewable Energy
Sources.
IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) objects features an IP address for internet connectivity
and the communication that occurs between these objects and other Internet enabled
devices and systems
Application of IoT in
Electrical Engineering
Smart Home  Smart Grid  Smart Energy Monitoring 
Solar control and monitoring  Industrial Internet  Smart
Street lighting  Energy Usage and Efficiency  Power
quality monitoring  Building automation  Smart Solar
Tracking
OBJECTIVE
Main objective of this project is to monitor and
manage energy consumption so as to save the
energy. It will lead us towards a pollution free world
Overview of the system
For implementation of the system we have
required, the Arduino uno microcontroller
(ATAmega328p), esp8266 module which is
also called node mcu ,relay module, current
sensor & voltage sensor
The proposed system is consisted of three
parts: smartphone application, base station,
and sensing node. Starting from the bottom,
the sensing node uses a hall-effect based AC
Current sensor and a transformer based AC
voltage sensor with Arduino Uno
microcontroller to calculate the real-time
power consuming of connected electrical
appliances.
Block diagram of proposed system
SENSING NODE
BASE STATION
VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT
The voltage sensor used in our work is single phase AC voltage sensor is
made of ZMPT101B voltage transformer. Figure 1 shows a chip image of
ZMPT101B. It is high precision, good consistency for measuring voltage and
power and can reach 250V AC. As well as low price, small size, and easy
printed circuit board (PCB) mounting. The output signal from it, fed into the
analog input channel of the microcontroller.
CURRENT MEASUREMENT
• For sensing current, we used ACS712 current sensor. Figure 2 shows the ACS712
chip. The main features of this sensor used to measure AC/DC current up to 20A. Its
operating voltage is 5V. The output signal is fed to analog input channel of
microcontroller. This sensor works on the basis of the hall effect principle, when a
current pass through a conductor that is positioned at a magnetic field, a voltage is
produced across its edges orthogonal to current and magnetic field directions
POWER MEASUREMENT
• For calculating power of a single-phase AC circuit, the output of volts
and amperes must be multiplied by the power factor.
• Power Factor is the cosine of the phase angle of voltage and current
waveform. It is one, if voltage and current are in same phase. The
current sensor output signal depends entirely on the nature of the
connected appliance, whether the connected load is pure resistive,
capacitive or is inductive.
The power is calculated at the microcontroller after receiving voltage outputs from
corresponding current and voltage sensors.
𝑃 = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 × 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 × 𝑃𝐹
Where
P = Calculated Power
Vrms = Supplied Voltage
Irms = Drawn Current
PF = Power Factor
Then, accumulated power consumption is calculated with run time of appliances, in
KWh as
After completing the calculation, the measured readings will display using the liquid crystal display
(LCD). In addition, relay is added to allow control of appliances either according to consumer
requirements by sending commands wirelessly from a base station to a microcontroller or when
exceeding permitted consumption limits, it will automatically turn off the power.
ESP 32 will be responsible for sending wirelessly all the measured readings in this part to the
base station. The base station is designed to receive all transmitted measured readings from sensing
node to continue monitoring in real-time through GUI available at computer system and the mobile app
window. Power monitoring feature allows the user to reduce the power consumption thus save cost.
These measured readings are stored in database for further analysis. Then, this measured readings will
be send via internet to the upper most application layer which has different applications on different
level for different purposes. For information accumulation and information preparing at base station it
utilized microcontroller – Node MCU is wi-fi ensured single chip microcontroller unit (MCU) shown
[figure 4 (a)]. Known as a wi-fi module, it has ability to perform wi-fi related activities like IOT
applications and home automation. It is used as an alternative to Arduino Wi-fi shield in order to
connect to a Wi-fi network, because it is considered an inexpensive alternative, with default firmware
and it has the same functions as Wi-Fi Shield. It is also immediately breadboard friendly. It
incorporates inserted TCP/IP stack and numerous Internet conventions for simple web get to.
Node MCU
(ESP8266)
There are three major parts to a smartphone application : the device, cloud server and the mobile app.
Blynk is a smartphone application that allows the developers to create a custom app for their projects’
according to the application It leverages the resources of a smartphone such as the touch screen to
provide a set of widgets that assists to create a custom user interface to control the device remotely. It
consists of two main elements, an application running on Android and iOS and a library compatible
with the Wiring framework with our project board. Blynk app that is shown in Figure handles the data
translation between the device and the smartphone app.
When the project application is registered; the server issues authentication token
which must be included in the main project code. It also enables the device to
communicate between each other and also between other web applications over
internet. Before associating the gadget to a get to access point, it needs to join the
system safely. Wi-Fi provisioning is the process of connecting a new Wi-Fi device
(station) to a Wi-Fi network. The provisioning process involves loading the station
with the network name referred as SSID and its security credentials. The user needs
to send the predefined password. User can download the android mobile app from
Google Play Store
Circuit
Diagram
Connection Diagram
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
By monitoring the power consumption of the devices, the data is collected by the ZigBee coordinator
for the base station which saves all these data in the database at computer system for processing and
analysis, as well as in cloud database for remote access.
Parameters that will be stored are - voltage, current, power factor, real and apparent power,
status of each relay, KWh and cumulative runtime of the system. The data for these parameters
will be displayed through GUI and smartphone app window. Suitable actions like turning devices ON
and OFF, will be done from the GUI or smartphone app screen according to consumer requirements.
In addition, the system will depend on the average of drawn current that is identified in the program,
which means the appliances can be turned OFF automatically using the relays when the drawn current
exceeds the set value.
The measured readings are processed using Visual Studio Programming.

INTENDED OUTCOME
Through this project we propose the smart power management system
for homes and buildings. The proposed system can monitor and
measure electricity usage in real-time. With the proposed system, users
can automatically, manually, and remotely control real-time electricity
usage, Thus, the real-time monitoring of the electrical appliances can be
viewed through GUI and smartphone app. This system is easy to design
and consume less power, and provides at low cost.

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ENERGY

• It may be impossible to control the home appliances outside the

The measured readings are processed using Visual Studio Programming.

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