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    Generation of Electricity From Coal

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    arunendraojha8

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    Generation of Electricity From Coal

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    arunendraojha8
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    Original Title

    GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY FROM COAL (2)

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    9 views29 pages

    Generation of Electricity From Coal

    Uploaded by

    arunendraojha8

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

    SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

    SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:


    Mr. Vishal Anand Satyam Kumar
    Asst. Professor Roll No- 7ME158
    Dept. Of mechanical B.Tech (Mechanical engg.)
    Jul 22, 2024 1
    A SUMMER TRAINING PRESENTATION 0N
    NATIONAL THERMAL POWER PLANT
    KAHALGAON (BIHAR)

    Jul 22, 2024 02


    NTPC

    CONTENTS
     Introduction
     Boiler
     Turbine & Auxillary
     Ash Handling
     Off- site
     Advantage/ Disadvantage
     Application
     Future Scope
     Reference
    Jul 22, 2024 03
    INTRODUCTION

    India’s largest power company ,NTPC was set up in 1975 to accelerate power
    develop in india.NTPC is emerging as a diversified power major with presence
    in the entire value chain of the power generation ,which is the mainstary of the
    company ,NTPC has already ventured into consultancy.power trading,Ash
    utilisation and coal mining.
    kahalgaon super thermal power station (khstpp) is located in kahalgaon in
    Bhagalpur district of Bihar. The power plant is one of the coal based power plant
    of NTPC.

    CAPACITY :- The Total installed capacity of the plant is 2340 Mw

    Jul 22, 2024 04


    NTPC, Kshpp Project
    Location : Kahalgaon , Dist-Bhagalpur(Bihar),813214
    Total Land : 3,360 Acres
    Land for plant : 883 Acres
    Land for township : 432 Acres
    Land for Ash dyke :1395 Acres
    Configuration : stage - 1 (4*210 MW)
    : stage - 2 : Phase 1 (2*500 MW)
    : Phase 2 (1*500 MW)
    Sourse of coal : Rajmahal coal field of ECL
    Fuel Requirement : 4.1 million ton per year Stage - 1
    : 6.62 million ton per year for Stage - 1
    : 3 million ton per year for Stage - 2
    Sourse of water : Ganga River
    Beneficiary States : West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Sikkim
    Jul 22, 2024 05
    LAYOUT OF POWER PLANT:

    Jul 22, 2024 06


    Basic Power Plant Cycle (Rankine cycle)
    T-S DIAGRAM

    Jul 22, 2024 07


    BOILER MAINTENANACE DEPARTMENT
     Boiler:-

     Steam generating device for specific purpose.


     Capable to meet variation in load demand.
     Capable of generating steam in a range of operating pressure and temperature.
     For utility purpose ,it should generate steam uninterrupediy at operating pressure and
    temperature for running steam turbine.

     Raw material for design of boiler:

     Cast iron:- It is too brittle to withstand years of continuous, high thermal and pressure
    Resisting capacity.
     Carbon steel :- It has high fatigue strength, good yield strength, excellent thermal property.
    (mostly used)
     A 500 MW steam generator consumers about 8000 tonnes of coal every day.
     It will be considered if it requires about 200 cubic meter of D M water in a day .
     It will produce about 9500 tonnes of carbon di- oxide every day.
    Jul 22, 2024 08
    BOILER ACCESSORIES :
     The integral part of the boiler are called boiler accessories.
     It increase Boiler Efficiency
    EX- 1) Superheater: Increase the temperature of the steam
    above its saturation point.
    2) Economiser: A device which used to heating feed water
    by waste flue gases.
    3) Feed pump: Used to deliver feed water to the turbine.
    4) Injector: Used to feed the water into the boiler.
    5) Air preheater: It increase the temperature of air
    before it enters the furnace.
    6) Steam Separator
    Jul 22, 2024 09
     Economiser
     Superheater
     Feed pump
    Jul 22, 2024 10
    TURBINE MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT (TMD)

    TURBINE :- A steam turbine is a rotating device which converts thermal energy


    into mechanical energy.

    OPERATING PRINCIPLE :-

     Steam enters into the turbine through a nozzle. In the nozzle, heat energy from steam
    is converted into kinetic energy and the steam is expanding. Steam pressure at the exit
    of nozzle is smaller when compared with at the time of enter into nozzle, but the
    velocity of steam out from nozzle is greater than at the time of enter into the nozzle.

     The steam gushing out of the nozzle is directed to the turbine blades with arches
    shaped and fitted around the wheel turbines. Steam flowing through gaps between the
    turbine blades is deflected towards following the curve of the turbine blades. The
    changes in steam velocity raise the force that encourages and then rotate the turbine
    wheel and shaft

    Jul 22, 2024 11


    TURBINE SYSTEM

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7

    HPT LPT
    IP
    T GENERATOR
    EXCITER
    THREE STAGE TURBINE :
    • HIGH PRESSURE TURBINE (HPT)
    • INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE TURBINE (IPT) CONDENSER
    • LOW PRESSURE TURBINE (LPT)

    SEVEN NOS JOURNAL BEARINGS


    BEARING N0. 2 THRUST CUM JOURNAL BEARING

    FOUR NOS RIGID COUPLINGS BETWEEN


    • HP-IP TURBINE
    • IP-LP TURBINE
    • LP-GENERATOR
    •GENERATOR - EXCITER
    Jul 22, 2024 12
    CONDENSOR:

     The condenser condenses the steam


    from the exhaust of the turbine into
    liquid to allow it to be pumped. If the
    condenser can be made cooler, the
    pressure of the exhaust steam is
    reduced and efficiency of
    the cycle increases.
     To provide lowest economic heat
    rejection temperature for steam.
     To convert exhaust steam to water for
    reserve thus saving on feed water
    requirement.
    Jul 22, 2024 13
    GENERATOR

     Generator or
    Alternator is the
    electrical end of a turbo-
    generator set. It is
    generally known as the
    piece of equipment that
    converts the mechanical
    energy of turbine into
    electricity. The
    generation of electricity
    is based on the principle
    of electromagnetic
    induction.

    Jul 22, 2024 14


    Coal Handling System Equipment
     Wagon Trippler
     Conveyor Belt
     Pulleys
     Take Ups
     Skirt Board
     Scrappers
     Magnetic seprator
     Vibrating screen
     Crushers

    Jul 22, 2024 15


    CRUSHERS
    To crush the coal from 200mm to 20mm size
    from vibrating screen
    Crusher hammer are made of MAGNEESE STEEL .
    Hammer row -4(stage 1)
    (a)Row-1 & 2 =18 hammer each
    (b)Row-3&4=20 hammers each

    No of hammer in each Crusher-


    •stage-1 = 76 hammers
    •stage-2 = 92 hammers
    •Weight of each hammer=18.5kg
    •Crushing motor rating -740kw/3.3kv
    •Life of hammer =4 lac MT of coal
    Jul 22, 2024 •Normal capacity=600 tons/hr 16
    CONVEYOR BELTS
    Made of diff. Layers or piles of fabric duck with rubber
    protected by a rubber cover on both sides & edges.
    Fabric duck are designed to withstand tension created in
    carrying the load .
    Nylon rubber cover protect the fabric duck.

    Material =fire resistant grade.


    Belt Width=1600 mm.
    Strength= 1000/1250 kN.
    Belt speed=3.2-3 m/s.
    Belt length=20km.

    Jul 22, 2024 17


    ASH HANDLING DEPARTMENT
    WHAT IS ASH ?
    Ash is the residue remaining after the coal has been
    burn under standard conditions.
    Typical ash composition : SiO , Al O , Fe O , CaO,
    2 2 3 2 3
    MgO etc.
    Coal with more SiO & Al O , Ash MP > 1400ºC
    2 2 3
    Coal with more Fe O , CaO & MgO, Ash MP <
    2 3
    1100ºC

    Jul 22, 2024 18


    OFF-SITE DEPARTMENT:
    Water Treatment
    Cooling Tower : The cooling tower is a semi-
    enclosed device for evaporative cooling of water by
    contact with air. The hot water coming out from the
    condenser is fed to the tower on the top and allowed
    to tickle in form of thin sheets or drops. The air flows
    from bottom of the tower or perpendicular to the
    direction of water flow and then exhausts to the
    atmosphere after effective cooling.

    Jul 22, 2024 19


    WATER TREATMENT PLANT

    Jul 22, 2024 20


    Why water treatment ?
     Raw water contains many dissolved minerals and organic
    materials.
     At high temperature certain minerals left scaling on the tube
    metal of the boiler and cause permanent damage.
     Some dissolved minerals leads to corrosion of tube metals.
    Some leads to foaming .
     At high pressure and temperature an element, silica can be
    carried away with steam causing damage to turbine low
    pressure stage.
     A Thermal Power Station needs water of varying quality for
    different process and hence the requirement.
     The performance and life expectancy of the station greatly
    depends on water chemistry compliance.
    Jul 22, 2024 21
    COOLING TOWER:

    Jul 22, 2024 22


    COOLING FAN SPECIFICATION:

    Description Stage-I Stage-II


    Type Axial Flow Axial Flow
    No. of fans / tower 16 12
    Diameter 24 feet 28 feet
    No. of blade 6 7
    Blade angle 13o 13o
    Fan speed 151 Rpm 118 Rpm
    Absorbed power 35 KW 56 KW

    Jul 22, 2024 23


    CHIMNEY SPECIFICATION:
    No. Of Chimney – 3
    Height – 214 m

    Jul 22, 2024 24


    ADVANTAGE : DISADVANTAGE :

     Steam engines and turbines  Maintenance and operating


    can work under 25 % of cost are High.
    overload continuously.  Cost of plant increase in
     Cheaper in initial cost Temperature and Pressure.
    compared to Diesel power  Large quantity of water is
    plant. required.
     Can be located very  Environment trouble due to
    conveniently near the load Smoke and heat in the plant.
    station.  Difficulty in coal handling.
     They can respond to rapidly  Maximum of heat energy
    changing loads without lost.
    difficulty.
    Jul 22, 2024 25
    APPLICATION :
    Household heating
    appliances
     Incandescent electric bulb
    Electric fuse
    Industry
    Railway

    Jul 22, 2024 26


    FUTURE GOAL :

     The Company has developed a long term plan to


    become 128000 MW company by the year 2032
     Company has 23004 MW under construction ,
     NTPC also developing a joint-venture coal-based
    power plant 1,320 MW (2x660) with
    Bangladesh Power Development Board known as
    Bangladesh India Friendship Power Company in
    Bangladesh

    Jul 22, 2024 27


    REFRENCES :
     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahalgaon_Super_Th
    ermal_Power_Station
     http://www.ntpc.co.in/power-generation/coal- base
    d-power-stations/kahalgaon

    Jul 22, 2024 28


    NTPC

    Jul 22, 2024 28

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