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ICMP & IPv6 in Computer Networks

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wanimohsin015
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22 views

ICMP & IPv6 in Computer Networks

Uploaded by

wanimohsin015
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ICMP & IPV6 IN

COMPUTER
NETWORKS
AN OVERVIEW OF INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL AND
INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 6
INTRODUCTION TO ICMP

• Full Form: Internet Control Message Protocol

• Purpose: Used for diagnostic and error-reporting in networks.

• Key Role: Helps in reporting errors and managing operational information.

• Position in Network Layer: Operates at the network layer of the OSI model.
ICMP PACKET FORMAT
ICMP MESSAGE TYPES

• Error Messages:
• Destination Unreachable
• Time Exceeded
• Parameter Problem
• Source Quench (Deprecated)
• Informational Messages:
• Echo Request & Echo Reply (used by ping)
• Timestamp Request & Reply
ICMP ERROR MESSAGES

• Destination Unreachable: Informs the sender that a destination is unreachable.

• Time Exceeded: Indicates that a packet's time-to-live (TTL) has expired.

• Parameter Problem: Indicates a problem in the header of the packet.

• Source Quench: (Deprecated) Instructs the sender to reduce the sending rate.
Type Code Description
0 – Echo Reply 0 Echo reply
0 Destination network unreachable
1 Destination host unreachable
2 Destination protocol unreachable
3 – Destination Unreachable 3 Destination port unreachable
Fragmentation is needed and the DF flag
4
set
5 Source route failed
0 Redirect the datagram for the network

1 Redirect datagram for the host


5 – Redirect Message
Redirect the datagram for the Type of
2
Service and Network
Redirect datagram for the Service and
3
Host
8 – Echo Request 0 Echo request
9 – Router Advertisement 0 Use to discover the addresses of
10 – Router Solicitation 0 operational routers

0 Time to live exceeded in transit


11 – Time Exceeded
1 Fragment reassembly time exceeded.
0 The pointer indicates an error.
12 – Parameter Problem 1 Missing required option
2 Bad length
13 – Timestamp 0 Used for time synchronization
14 – Timestamp Reply 0 Reply to Timestamp message
ICMP ECHO AND ECHO REPLY

• Ping Utility: Uses Echo Request and Echo Reply for checking the reachability of a host.

• Use Case: Network diagnostic tool to measure round-trip time and packet loss.
ICMP IN NETWORK OPERATIONS

• Traceroute: Uses ICMP to map the route packets take to a destination.

• Path MTU Discovery: Utilizes ICMP to determine the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size

on the network path.


INTRODUCTION TO IPV6

• Full Form: Internet Protocol Version 6

• Purpose: Addresses the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses and provides enhancements.

• Main Features: Larger address space, simplified header format, improved security.
IPV6 ADDRESSING

• Address Length: 128 bits vs. 32 bits in IPv4.

• Address Types:

• Unicast: Identifies a single interface.

• Multicast: Identifies multiple interfaces.

• Anycast: Delivered to the nearest of multiple interfaces.


IPV6 ADDRESS FORMAT

• Notation: Hexadecimal, separated by colons.

• Example: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

• Abbreviation Rules:

• Leading zeros can be omitted.

• Consecutive sections of zeros can be replaced with :: (once).


IPV6 FEATURES

• Larger Address Space: 2^128 addresses.

• Simplified Header: Reduces overhead and improves processing efficiency.

• Enhanced Security: Mandatory IPsec support.

• Auto-configuration: Supports stateless address auto-configuration (SLAAC).


TYPES OF IPV6 ADDRESS

• Unicast Addresses : Only one interface is specified by the unicast address. A packet moves
from one host to the destination host when it is sent to a unicast address destination.

• Multicast Addresses: It represents a group of IP devices and can only be used as the
destination of a datagram.

• Anycast Addresses: The way the anycast address varies from other addresses is that it can
deliver the same IP address to several servers or devices.
TRANSITION FROM IPV4 TO IPV6

• Dual Stack: Running IPv4 and IPv6 concurrently.

• Tunneling: Encapsulating IPv6 packets within IPv4 packets.

• Translation: Converting IPv6 packets to IPv4 packets and vice versa.


IPv6 IPv4

IPv6 has a 128-bit address length IPv4 has a 32-bit address length

It supports Auto and renumbering address configuration It Supports Manual and DHCP address configuration

The address space of IPv6 is quite large it can produce


It can generate 4.29×109 address space
3.4×1038 address space

Address Representation of IPv6 is in hexadecimal Address representation of IPv4 is in decimal

In IPv6 checksum field is not available In IPv4 checksum field is available

IPv6 has a header of 40 bytes fixed IPv4 has a header of 20-60 bytes.

IPv6 does not support VLSM(Variable Length subnet mask). IPv4 supports VLSM(Variable Length subnet mask).
CONCLUSION

• ICMP Importance: Critical for network diagnostics and error handling.

• IPv6 Advancement: Essential for the growing need for IP addresses and modern network

efficiency.

• Future Outlook: Ongoing transition to IPv6 and continuous role of ICMP in network

operations.

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