Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 584 views

    Crude Assay Analysis

    Uploaded by

    meenaneer007
    CRUDE DESALTING salts in the crude oil are mostly in the form of dissolved salts in fine water droplets emulsified in the oil. Salts are mostly sodium, calcium and Magnesium chlorides among which Ca and Mg chlorides hydrolize at high T to form HCl. CRUDE DISTILLATION PROCESS To distill and separate valuable distillates (naphtha, kerosene,diesel) and atmospheric gas oil (ago)

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Crude Assay Analysis

    Uploaded by

    meenaneer007
    584 views34 pages
    CRUDE DESALTING salts in the crude oil are mostly in the form of dissolved salts in fine water droplets emulsified in the oil. Salts are mostly sodium, calcium and Magnesium chlorides among which Ca and Mg chlorides hydrolize at high T to form HCl. CRUDE DISTILLATION PROCESS To distill and separate valuable distillates (naphtha, kerosene,diesel) and atmospheric gas oil (ago)

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    CRUDE DESALTING salts in the crude oil are mostly in the form of dissolved salts in fine water droplets emulsified in the oil. Salts are mostly sodium, calcium and Magnesium chlorides among which Ca and Mg chlorides hydrolize at high T to form HCl. CRUDE DISTILLATION PROCESS To distill and separate valuable distillates (naphtha, kerosene,diesel) and atmospheric gas oil (ago)

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    584 views34 pages

    Crude Assay Analysis

    Uploaded by

    meenaneer007
    CRUDE DESALTING salts in the crude oil are mostly in the form of dissolved salts in fine water droplets emulsified in the oil. Salts are mostly sodium, calcium and Magnesium chlorides among which Ca and Mg chlorides hydrolize at high T to form HCl. CRUDE DISTILLATION PROCESS To distill and separate valuable distillates (naphtha, kerosene,diesel) and atmospheric gas oil (ago)

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 34
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The document discusses the process of crude oil characterization, refining and obtaining final products like gasoline, diesel, kerosene and coke.

    The main steps involved in crude oil refining are crude oil characterization, desalting, atmospheric and vacuum distillation, naphtha reforming, fluid catalytic cracking, hydroprocessing and thermal cracking.

    The main units involved are crude distillation unit, naphtha reformer, fluid catalytic cracking unit, hydroprocessing units like hydrotreater and hydrodesulfurization units, vacuum distillation unit and thermal cracking units like coker.

    5/4/12

    PETROLEUM REFINERY DESIGN and engineering


    Click to edit Master subtitle style

    CHL794
    Raghav Agrawal (2008CH70126) Gaurav Yadav (2008CH70114) Neeraj Meena (2008CH10176)

    5/4/12

    CRUDE CHARACTERISTICS
    Stage 1: Distillation at atmospheric Pressure (748mm Hg) Fraction No. Cut Temp. Sum (C) Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 1.9 4.1 9.4 15.6 21.1 26.0 30.1 34.7 39.7 45.4 Stage 2: Distillation continued at 40mm Hg Fraction No. 11 12 13 14 15 Cut Temp. Sum (C) Percent 200 225 250 275 300 48.7 54.4 59.0 63.2 69.2 96.8

    Residuum

    5/4/12

    CRUDE CHARACTERISTICS

    Click to edit Master subtitle style

    5/4/12

    BLEND: TBP PLOT

    Click to edit Master subtitle style

    5/4/12

    CRUDE CHARACTERISATION
    Volume % Distilled 10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00 90.00 TBP (F) 235.94 447.98 627.98 795.92 1063.94

    UOP CHARACTERISATION FACTOR, K=11.94

    MIXED BASE

    Volume % Distilled 10.00

    TBP (F) 235.94 10.35 634.35 4.92 1.00 633.35 1093.35 32.50 0.86 11.94

    30.00SL VABP ln

    MeABP(F) MeABP 50.00API 70.00SG 90.00Kw

    Cross Check: API of kerosene : 40 Key fraction No.1 : For Boiling Range of 250C-275C at 1atm API should be in the range 33-40 for a mixed base, so this indicates that the crude is mixed tending towards paraffinic

    5/4/12

    CDU PRODUCTS

    Click to edit Master subtitle style

    5/4/12

    VDU PRODUCTS

    5/4/12

    Flow Sheet

    5/4/12

    CRUDE DESALTING

    Salts in the crude oil are mostly in the form of dissolved salts in

    fine water droplets emulsified in the crude oil. This is called a water-in-oil emulsion.

    Salts are mostly sodium, calcium and Magnesium chlorides

    among which Ca and Mg chlorides hydrolize at high T to form HCl.


    Causes Fouling in HE, corrosion in equipment and act as catalyst

    poison.

    Desalting Operation: Water washing ->Heating -> Coalescence ->

    Settling

    5/4/12

    CRUDE DISTILLATION PROCESS


    To distill and separate valuable distillates (naphtha, kerosene,diesel) and atmospheric gas oil (AGO) from the crude feedstock.

    5/4/12

    CDU Design Variables

    5/4/12

    CDU PRODUCTS

    5/4/12

    Material Balance :: CDU


    End Temp. Mass [C] Fraction Mass Flow Rate[kg/hr]

    Density of crude: 860.67 kg/m3 Crude feed rate: 100,000 bpd or 558277 kg/hr

    Product Off Gas Lt Naphtha Naphtha Kerosene Light Diesel

    Start temp [C] 10 -15.15 70 10 180 70 180 240 290 340 370 370 816.5 .084 .471 240 290 340 .081 .102 .093 .144 .02 .005

    2791.386 11165.54 80391.92 45220.45 56944.27 51919.78 46895.28 262948.6

    Destination Power generation Isomerization unit Naphtha reformer Hydrotreater Hydrotreater hydrodesulfuri zation followed by FCCU FCCU vacuum distillation column

    Heavy Diesel Atm . Gas Oil

    Atm Residue

    5/4/12

    Sulfur from ADU


    Total Sulfur coming in crude is 0.42%. For M<200
    wt%S = 177.448 170.946Ri +0.2258m + 4.054SG

    For M>200
    wt%S = -58.02 + 38.463Ri - 0.023m +22.4SG Ri =n d/2 m=M(n 1.475)

    Ref. :- Fundamentals of Petroleum refining,

    5/4/12

    Sulfur coming in Products


    n
    Off Gas Lt St Run Naphth a Kerosen e Light Diesel Heavy Diesel Atm Gas Oil Residue

    SG

    Molecul ar Weight
    55.6 71.2 112.4 159.8 200.1 243.2 284.7 434.7

    m
    -6.61 -6.99 -6.38 -4.60 -2.16 0.38 3.04 22.21

    d
    0.629 0.675 0.749 0.798 0.827 0.849 0.866 0.907

    Ri
    1.0412 1.0391 1.0434 1.0467 1.0506 1.0516 1.0524 1.0726

    % of S
    0.054 0.099 0.069 0.072 0.056 1.02 1.87 2.22

    Mass of S(kg/h)
    1.507348 11.05389 55.47042 32.55873 31.88879 529.5818 876.9418 5837.458

    1.3561 0.635 1.3768

    0.68

    1.4182 0.754 1.4462 0.803 1.4642 0.831 1.4766 0.854 1.4857 0.870 1.5261 0.960

    5/4/12

    VDU PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION


    To recover valuable gas oils from reduced crude via vacuum distillation..

    5/4/12

    VDU PRODUCTS
    Product Mass (kg/h)
    PRODUCT

    Mass Fraction

    Off Gas

    0.529

    139099.5

    LVGO

    0.119

    31290.52

    HVGO

    0.210

    55218.89

    Vac Residue

    0.143

    37601.27

    5/4/12

    LVGO sent to gasoline pool after Hydrotreating.

    HVGO sent to FCCU after Hydrotreating.

    Vacuum Residue sent to Delayed Coker, thermal cracker.

    5/4/12

    Naphtha Reformer MASS BALANCE


    Mass Balance Feed Products Heavy Naphtha C5+ Mass flow Rates [kg/hr] 80391 Mass fraction 1 0.829

    66644
    iC4 .0146

    1173
    nC4 .0205

    1648
    C3 .0295

    2371
    C2 .0192

    1543
    C1 .0115

    924
    H2 .0227

    1824

    5/4/12

    Assumptions
    Naphtha splits into 70% of Heavy Naphtha of 13 API and

    30% of light Naphtha of 30 API.

    Assumed Cyclic Reformer so RONR of product coming out

    of it is taken to be 94.
    Characterization factor K=11.94

    5/4/12

    Reformer Correlations

    Ref :-Fundamentals of Petroleum refining, Table-5.3 Rdeformer Correlations, Page no. 108

    5/4/12

    Fluid Catalytic cracking Unit(FCCU)


    Feed from different units Feed rate (kg/hr) Mass of S(kg/hr)

    Atm. Gas Oil

    46895

    876

    vaccum distillation HVGO

    55218

    543

    Total feed

    102113

    1420

    5/4/12

    Typical ARDS Yields

    Ref :-Fundamentals of Petroleum refining, Table-7.7 , Page No. 170

    5/4/12

    Product coming from HDS


    Product s Mass Fraction Mass Flowrate [kg/hr] Acid Gases .038

    3880
    C1 C4 .02

    2042
    Naphtha .027

    2757
    Diesel .186

    18993
    LSFO .745

    76074

    5/4/12

    FCC PRODUCTS
    Product
    coke LCO LV% diesel pool gas wt gasoline n C4 C4-C3 C3--

    wt%
    9.8 15.78 4.73 57.37 2.59 7.29 2.39 6.44

    Product Mass (kg/h)


    22133.7 35570.8 10662.22 129321.7 5854.079 16432.9 5387.466 14537.14

    5/4/12

    FCC Correlations and Assumptions


    Cracked Naphtha is sent to the gasoline pool Unsaturated light ends are going to the alkylation unit LCO goes to the diesel pool Conversion is taken as 75%.

    5/4/12

    Delayed Coker FEED Properties


    Flow rate of Feed 83005 lb/hr Conradson Carbon Residue - 6.5 % Delayed Coker is Used. Naphtha is sent to the reformer unit Gas oil is sent to FCCU after hydro treating

    5/4/12

    DELAYED COKER PRODUCTS


    Product(mass) (kg/h)

    Product

    Weight %

    C4- gas

    8.73

    3284

    naptha

    13.51

    5083

    coke

    10.4

    3910

    gas oil

    67.34

    25322

    5/4/12

    Delayed Coker Correlations

    Ref:- Fundamentals of Petroleum refining, 6.5.6.- Delayed Coker yield Predictions, Page no. 140

    5/4/12

    5/4/12

    5/4/12

    5/4/12

    Final Products
    Gasoline coming from ADU reformer , FCCU,

    thermal cracker naphtha, alkylation unit, light vacuum gas oil.

    Diesel coming from light gas oil of ADU, light

    cycle oil from FCCU, light gas oil from delayed Coker.

    Kerosene from ADU. Coke from FCCU and thermal cracker.

    5/4/12

    THANK YOU

    You might also like