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    Lecture 11 PS 16052024 095008am

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    Lecture 11 PS 16052024 095008am

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    5 views14 pages

    Lecture 11 PS 16052024 095008am

    Uploaded by

    rimshazaidi00

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 14

    Chapter 6

    Continuous Probability Distributions

    Uniform Probability Distribution


    Normal Probability Distribution
    Standard Normal Probability Distribution
    Exponential Probability Distribution
    f(x)


    1
    Continuous Probability Distributions

    A continuous random variable can assume any value


    in an interval on the real line or in a collection of
    intervals.
    We talk about the probability of the random variable
    assuming a value within a given interval.
    The probability of the random variable assuming a
    value within some given interval from x1 to x2 is
    defined to be the area under the graph of the
    probability density function between x1 and x2.

    2
    Normal Probability Distribution

    The normal probability distribution is the most


    important distribution for describing a continuous
    random variable.
    It has been used in a wide variety of applications:
    – Heights and weights of people
    – Test scores
    – Amounts of rainfall
    It is widely used in statistical inference

    3
    Normal Probability Distribution

    A continuous random variable X having the bell shape


    distribution is a normal random variable and this
    random variable construct a bell shape is called
    normal probability distribution or simply normal
    distribution as shown in the figure in the next slide

    4
    Normal Probability Distribution

    Graph of the Normal Probability Distribution

    f(x)

    x

    5
    Normal Probability Distribution

    Normal Probability Density Function

    1  ( x   ) 2 / 2 2
    n( x;  ,  )  f ( x)  e
     2
    where:
     = mean
     = standard deviation
     = 3.14159
    e = 2.71828

    6
    Normal Probability Distribution

    Characteristics of the Normal Probability


    Distribution
    – The distribution is symmetric, and is often
    illustrated as a bell-shaped curve.
    – Two parameters, m (mean) and s (standard
    deviation), determine the location and shape of
    the distribution.
    – The highest point on the normal curve is at the
    mean, which is also the median and mode.
    – The mean can be any numerical value: negative,
    zero, or positive.
    … continued

    7
    Normal Probability Distribution

    Characteristics of the Normal Probability


    Distribution
    – The standard deviation determines the width of
    the curve: larger values result in wider, flatter
    curves.
    s = 10

    s = 50

    8
    Normal Probability Distribution

    Characteristics of the Normal Probability Distribution


    – The total area under the curve is 1 (.5 to the left of
    the mean and .5 to the right).
    – Probabilities for the normal random variable are
    given by areas under the curve.

    9
    Normal Probability Distribution

    Graph of the Normal Probability Distribution

    x

    10
    Standard Normal Probability Distribution

    A random variable that has a normal distribution


    with a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one
    is said to have a standard normal probability
    distribution.
    The letter z is commonly used to designate this
    normal random variable.
    Converting to the Standard Normal Distribution
    x
    z

    11
    Standard Normal Probability Distribution

    12
    Example (6.1)

    An Electrical farm manufacturers light bulbs that have a


    life, before burn out is normally distributed with mean
    equal to 800 hours and a standard deviation of 40 hours.
    Find the probability data bulk burns between 778 and
    834 hours.

    Example (6.2): A certain type of storage battery lasts on


    average 3 years with a standard deviation of 0.5 year.
    Assuming that the battery lives are normally distributed,
    find the probability that a given battery will last less than
    2.3 years.

    13
    Example (6.3)

    A certain machine makes electrical resistors having a


    mean of 40 ohms and a standard deviation of 2 omhs.
    Assume that the resistance follows a normal distribution.
    What percentage of resistors will have a resistance
    exceeding 43 ohms?

    14

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