Operation Flood

OPERATION FLOOD
NDD
B
• National Dairy Development Board was found by Dr. Verghese Kurien on 16 th July, 1965
• It is a statutory body set up by an Act of the Parliament of India
• It is under the ownership of the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying of the Government of India
• Head office located in Anand, Gujarat
• Dr Meenesh Shah is Chairman of NDDB, presently. National Cooperative Dairy Federation of India Limited
(NCDFI), the apex body of dairy cooperatives, has elected Meenesh Shah as its chairman.
• NDDB's subsidiaries include Indian Dairy Machinery Company Ltd (IDMC), Mother Dairy and Indian
Immunologicals Limited, Hyderabad, NDDB Dairy Services, NDDB Mrida Ltd., NDDB CALF Ltd.
• The prime minister of India at that time, Lal Bahadur Shastri, wished to replicate the success of the Kaira
Cooperative Milk Producers' Union (Amul) across India.
• Until this time, India's own dairy industry was limited in its capacity and dominated by traders who set
pricing.
• Marginal milk producers reaped little reward in this system, and the country's foreign exchange was
expended in European and New Zealand dairy industries, purchasing dairy imports to fill the shortfall
• Between the start of the NDDB's landmark project in 1970, Operation Flood and its founder's
retirement in 1998, India quadrupled its milk production, with the board's technical and
organisational support.
• By then India had 81,000 dairy cooperatives, formed with the assistance of NDDB on their
"Amul" pattern.
• In 1998, India became the largest milk producer in the world, when its output surpassed that of the
United States
OPERATION FLOOD
• The White Revolution, or Operation Flood, launched on January 13, 1970, was the world's largest dairy
development programme
• It was a landmark project of India's National Dairy Development Board
• Transformed India from a milk-deficient nation into the world's largest milk producer, surpassing
the US in 1998
• Dr. Verghese Kurien is called the Father of White Revolution
• He was named the Chairman of NDDB by Prime Minister Sh Lal Bahadur Sastri
• Making of skim powder out of buffalo milk, termed the Anand Pattern Experiment at Amul, was also
instrumental to the program's success; the man who made this possible was Harichand Megha Dalaya,
alongside Kurien.
• It allowed Amul to compete successfully with cow milk-based suppliers such as Nestle.
Operation Flood's objectives included:-
•Increase in milk production
•Augmented rural incomes
•Fair prices for consumers
•Increased income and reduced poverty among participating farmers while ensuring steady
supply of milk in return
•This program was implemented in three phases

PHASE I
• Phase I (1970–1980) was financed by the sale of skimmed milk powder and butter oil donated by the
European Economic Community (EEC) through the World Food Program (WFP).
• During this phase, Operation Flood linked 18 of India's premier milk sheds with consumers in India's major
metropolitan cities: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai, establishing mother dairies in the four metros.
• Objectives of Phase I:
1. Improving the organized dairy sector in metropolitan cities Mumbai (then Bombay), Kolkata (then Calcutta),
Chennai (then Madras), and Delhi through marketing,
2. An increase in producers' share in the milk market,
3. The speeding up of the development of dairy animals in rural areas to increase both production and procurement.
PHASE
II
• Operation Flood Phase II (1981–1985) increased the number of milk sheds from 18 to 136; urban markets
also expanded the outlets for milk to 290
• By the end of 1985, a self-sustaining system of 43000 village co-operatives with 4,250,000 milk
producers was covered.
• Domestic milk powder production increased from 22,000 metric tonnes in the pre-project year to 140,000
tonnes by 1989, with all of this increase coming from dairies set up under Operation Flood.
• . Direct marketing of milk by producers' co-operatives also increased by several million liters a day.
PHASE
III
• Phase III (1985–1996) enabled dairy co-operatives to expand and strengthen the infrastructure required to
procure and market increasing volumes of milk.
• Veterinary first-aid health care services, feed, and artificial insemination services for co-operative members
were extended, along with intensified member education.
• Operation Flood's Phase III consolidated India's dairy co-operative movement, adding 30,000 new dairy
co-operatives to the 43,000 existing co-operatives organised during Phase II.
• The number of milk sheds peaked at 173 in 1988–89, with the numbers of female members and female
dairy cooperative societies increasing significantly.
• Phase III also increased emphasis on research and development in animal health and nutrition. Innovations
such as a vaccine for Theileriosis bypassing protein feed and urea-molasses mineral blocks, contributed to
the enhanced productivity of milk-producing animals .

ANAND
PATTERN
• Maximizing farmer profit and productivity through cooperative effort is the hallmark
of the Anand Pattern.
• The Anand Pattern is an integrated cooperative structure that procures, processes and
markets produce.
• The Anand Pattern succeeds because it involves people in their own development through
cooperatives where professionals are accountable to leaders elected by producers. The
institutional infrastructure -- village cooperative, dairy and cattle feed plants, state and
national marketing -- is owned and controlled by farmers.
• Anand Pattern cooperatives have progressively, linked producers directly with consumers.
• Three tier structure
Village Society
An Anand Pattern village dairy cooperative society (DCS) is formed by milk producers.
Any producer can become a DCS member by buying a share and committing to sell milk only to the society.
Each DCS has a milk collection centre where members take milk every day.
Each member's milk is tested for quality with payments based on the percentage of fat and SNF.
At the end of each year, a portion of the DCS profits is used to pay each member a patronage bonus based on
the quantity of milk poured.

The District Union
• A District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union is owned by dairy cooperative societies.
• The Union buys all the societies' milk, then processes and markets fluid milk and products.
• Most Unions also provide a range of inputs and services to DCSs and their members: feed, veterinary care,
artificial insemination to sustain the growth of milk production and the cooperatives' business. Union staff
train and provide consulting services to support DCS leaders and staff.
• The State Federation
The cooperative milk producers' unions in a state form, a State Federation, which is responsible for marketing
the fluid milk and products of member unions. Some federations also manufacture feed and support other union
activities.
AMUL is world’s largest
dairy co-operative
 World milk production has grown by 0.51% during 2022 in-comparison to the year 2021
 Per capita availability of milk is 459 grams per day in India during 2022-23 as against the world
average of 322 grams per day in 2022 (Food Outlook June'2023)
 Per capita availability of milk is 274 grams per day in Bihar during 2022-23 (nddb.coop)
 Uttar Pradesh is the highest milk-producing state in India. Uttar Pradesh contributes around 18% of the
total milk produced in India.
• Followed by Rajasthan (14.44%), Madhya Pradesh (8.73 %), Gujarat (7.49 %) and Andhra Pradesh
(6.70 %)
• Bihar accounted for 5% of national milk production (ranking ninth in milk production in the country)

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OPERATION FLOOD

• It is a statutory body set up by an Act of the Parliament of India

• Head office located in Anand, Gujarat

Cooperative Milk Producers' Union (Amul) across India.

• It was a landmark project of India's National Dairy Development Board

• Dr. Verghese Kurien is called the Father of White Revolution

•Increase in milk production

•Augmented rural incomes

•Fair prices for consumers

supply of milk in return

•This program was implemented in three phases

2. An increase in producers' share in the milk market,

also expanded the outlets for milk to 290

producers was covered.

the enhanced productivity of milk-producing animals .

the quantity of milk poured.

• A District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union is owned by dairy cooperative societies.

• The State Federation

average of 322 grams per day in 2022 (Food Outlook June'2023)

total milk produced in India.

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