Conjunctions: Kenn Calde Manipula, M.S.MNGT

CONJUNCTIONS
Kenn Calde Manipula, M.S.Mngt.

English Language Teacher
Conjunctions
 A conjunction is a word that joins two parts

of a sentence. There are three types of
conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions,
correlative conjunctions, and subordinating
conjunctions.
Conjunctions
 1 Coordinating conjunctions:
 Coordinating conjunctions join similar
elements. They join similar elements such
as subject with subject; sentence with
sentence. There are six coordinating
conjunctions: and, but, or, so, yet, for, nor.
Conjunctions
 And: and is used to join two similar ideas

together.
 The food is cheap and delicious.
 John and his girlfriend are going
snorkeling next week.
 She lives in Kaohsiung and she studies at
Cheng Shiu University.
Conjunctions
 But : but is used to join two opposite ideas

together.
 The food is delicious but expensive.
 Sue likes Japanese food but her husband
doesn’t.
Conjunctions
 Or :or is used to join two alterative ideas

together.
 Would you like some coffee or iced tea?
 I can cook or we can order pizza.
Conjunctions
 So: so is used to show the second idea is

the result of the first one.
 She was sick so she did not go to work.
 It is raining so the game is cancelled.
Conjunctions
 Nor: nor is used to join two negative ideas

together.
 Neither You nor she has to go.
 He is neither smart nor diligent.
Conjunctions
 For: for is used the same as because.

Jim has a good chance to get into that
company, for his father is the manager
there.
 Fanny was on clouds nine, for she won the
spelling bee contest
Conjunctions
 Yet: yet is used as but.

 My son plays volleyball well yet his favorite
sport is basketball.
 You room is small yet cozy.
Conjunctions
 Exercise: Use a coordinating

conjunction to complete each
sentence
1. You can find toothpaste on aisle two
__________ aisle three.
2. Bob is short _________ his brother is tall.
3. Sue is learning English ___________ she
will be able to get a better job.
Conjunctions
4. Mesa was exhausted _______ she went

to bed early.
5. Allen is thin; _________ he eats a lot.
6. The steak is delicious ______ expensive.
7. My roommate went to the party alone,
______ I refused to go with her.
8. Sally was cold ______ she put on a
sweater.
Conjunctions
 2Correlative conjunctions
 Correlative conjunctions always appear in
pairs and are used to connect equivalent
words, phrases, and clauses. They are
listed as follows: “both…and”, “either…
or”, “neither….nor”, “not only…but also”,
“whether…or”
Conjunctions
 both…and
 Both you and she were born in September.
 She can speak French and Spanish.
 either…or
 She is coming either today or tomorrow.
 Either your mother or father has to come
to school tomorrow.
Conjunctions
 neither… nor
 I have neither time nor money for
vacation.
 My father neither drinks nor smokes.
 not only… but also
 The bank robber not only killed two bank
tellers but also took the money.
 Ellen not only ate fried chicken but also a
cheese burger for lunch.
Conjunctions
 Whether… or:
 Sue can’t decide whether to go to law
school or medical school.
 I don’t know whether I should stay or
leave.
Conjunctions
 14.3 Subordinating Conjunctions:

 Subordinating conjunctions connect a
subordinate clause to a main clause.
 Table 14.1: Subordinating Conjunctions
Conjunctions
after as though if so that till
in
although because order that than
that
as before now though when
that
as if even if once until where
as
as long even since unless where
as though
Conjunctions
 after:
 I will tell you the truth after he leaves.
 although:
 Although it was raining, the game was still
held on time.
Conjunctions
 though:
 It was a well paid job, he quitted it though.
＊ though can be used at the end of a

sentence, however, “although” is often
used at the beginning of a sentence.
Conjunctions
 as: The word “as” has several different

meanings.
1) You should do as what I told you.
2) As she left the room she turned off the
light.
3) As the sun rises, the fog will disappear.
Conjunctions
 as…if (as though): A conditional

sentence should be used after “as if”
 She spoke to me as if she had known me.
 She behaved as if nothing had happened.
Conjunctions
 as long as:
 As long as you promise you will love me
for the rest of your life, I will marry you.
 I will be here as long as you need me.
Conjunctions
 because:
 Lily did not buy any Christmas gift for her
mother because she had no money.
 Vanessa was late for work because her
car broke down again.
Conjunctions
 before:
 Look over your paper again before you
hand it in.
 Think before you leap.
Conjunctions
 Even if:
 Even if you take the taxi, you will still miss
your train.
 Even if you don’t like wine, you should try
some.
Conjunctions
 even though:
 Even though Karen has a master’s degree
in business, she is unable to find a job.
 Even though it is hard work, I enjoy it.
Conjunctions
 if:
 He is willing to come if he is invited.
 Your father will be happy if he knows what
you have achieved.
Conjunctions
 in order that:
 The teacher explained the problem again
in order that every student could
understand it.
 They talk in a low voice in order that they
won’t be heard.
Conjunctions
 now that:
 You should take a long vacation now that
you have finished the work.
 Now that you do not like dancing, you do
not have to go to the party.
Conjunctions
 once:
 Once you start to smoke, you will find it
difficult to quit.
 Physics is easy once you know its rule.
 since: The word “since” has different
meanings.
 We haven’t heard from him since he
moved to France.
 Since she has an appointment with the
dentist, Holly won’t go with us.
Conjunctions
 so that:
 She left the party early so that she could
catch the last train.
 Erik saves every penny he makes so that
he can buy a house in the future.
Conjunctions
 until:
 The farmer did not go home until the sun
went down.
 Mrs. Gray did not go to bed until her
husband was found.
Conjunctions
 unless:
 You won’t stop coughing unless you take
some medicine.
 I won’t forgive you unless you apologize.
Conjunctions
 when:
 He was driving more than 70MPH when a
policeman stopped him.
 I was taking a shower when you called.
Conjunctions
 while:
 We visited Louver while we were in
London
 We should work hard while we are young.
Conjunctions
 Whereas:
 Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun
it.
 The old rules were complex whereas the
new ones are simple.
Conjunctions
 Exercises: Use an appropriate

subordinating conjunction to complete
each sentence.
1. Mr. Wang will be in charge of the
company _______ the president comes
back.
2. Your first question was easy _________
the second one was quite difficult.
Conjunctions
3. She didn’t do well in the final ________
she did not study.
4. ____________ you can’t answer my
question, I will ask someone else.
5. __________ you start to read the novel,
you will like it.
6. __________ I did my best, I lost the
game.
7. Mrs. Lee will stay with you ________ your
parents pick you up.
Conjunctions
8. Students will be happy ______ the test is
over.
9. ________ you have decided to do it, you
have to do it well.
10. She won’t leave the TV _________ the
dinner is on the table.
11. I will go by plane _________ I can save
some time.
12. Martin majored in biology ____________
at school.

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CONJUNCTIONS

Kenn Calde Manipula, M.S.Mngt.

 A conjunction is a word that joins two parts

 And: and is used to join two similar ideas

 But : but is used to join two opposite ideas

 Or :or is used to join two alterative ideas

 So: so is used to show the second idea is

 Nor: nor is used to join two negative ideas

 For: for is used the same as because.

 Yet: yet is used as but.

 Exercise: Use a coordinating

4. Mesa was exhausted _______ she went

 14.3 Subordinating Conjunctions:

＊ though can be used at the end of a

 as: The word “as” has several different

 as…if (as though): A conditional

 Exercises: Use an appropriate

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