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    of 11

    PRESENTATION ON,

    INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 4 (IPV4)

    UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF


    PROF. POOJA HUGGI
    SUBMITTED BY
    SACHIN (3GN21EC061)
    SANJAY R (3GN21EC68)
    SHAIK ABDUL WAHAB (3GN21EC070)
    SHIVKUMAR (3GN22EC407)
    CONTENT

     INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)


     INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 4 (IPV4)
     IPV4 ADDRESSES
     ADDRESS SPACE
     NOTATIONS
     CLASSES AND BLOCKS
     NETWORK ID AND HOST ID
     ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
    What is INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP)?

     The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal


    communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for
    relaying datagrams across network boundaries.
    (OR)

     An IP address is an identifier for a particular machine on


    a particular network. It is part of scheme to identify
    computer on the internet.
     IP address consists of 2 components the network id and
    the host id
     Internet protocol version 4 (IPV4) is the fourth version in the
    development of the Intenet protocol (IP) internet and routes
    most traffic on the internet
     IPV4 is a connectionless protocol for use on packet-switched
    networks.
     It is a most widely used protocol at present
    IPV4 ADDRESSES

     AnIPv4 address is a 32-bit address that uniquely and


    universally defines the connection of a device (for
    example, a computer or a router ) to the Internet.
     The IPv4 addres are unique and universal.
     They are unique in the sense that each address defines
    one, and only one connection to the internet.
     TheIPv4 addresses are universal in the sense that the
    addressing system must be accepted by any host that
    wants to be connected to the internet.
    ADDRESS SPACE

     An address space is the total number of addresses used


    by the protocol.
     IPv4 allows 232 unique address which section of IP show
    the nerwork id and which section show the machine or
    host id depend on the class network.
     IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, which means that the
    address space is 232 or 4,294,967,296.
     This means that , if there were no restrictions, more than
    4 billion devices could be connected to the internet.
    NOTATIONS
     There are two prevalent notations to show an IPv4 address:
    Binary notation and Dotted-decimal notation.
     Binary Notation
    In binary notation, the IPv4 address is displayed as 32 bits
     Example: 01110101 10010101 00011101 00000010
     Dotted-Decimal Notation To make the IPv4 address more
    compact and easier to read, Internet addresses are usually written
    in decimal form with a decimal point (dot) separating the bytes.
     The following is the dotted-decimal notation of the above
    address:
     Example: 117.149.29.2
    CLASSES AND BLOCKS
     One problem with classful addressing is that each class is divided
    into a fixed number of blocks with each block having a fixed size as
    shown in Table.

     Class A addresses were designed for large organizations with a


    large number of attached hosts or routers.
     Class B of addresses were designed for midsize organizations
    with tens of thousands attached hosts or routers.
     Class C addresses were designed for small organizations with a
    small number of attached hosts or routers
     Class D addresses were designed for multicasting

    NETWORK ID AND HOST ID
     In classful addressing, an IP address in class A, B, or C is divided
    into netid and hostid.
     These parts are of varying lengths, depending on the class of the
    address.Figure shows some netid and hostid bytes
     Although the length of the netid and hostid is predetermined in
    classful addressing,we can also use a mask (also called the
    default mask), a 32-bit number made of contiguous 1s followed
    by contiguous 0s. The masks for classes A, B, and C are shown in
    Table.
    ADVANTAGES:
    Widespread Compatibility: The vast majority of devices, networking equipment, and
    applications support IPv4. This widespread compatibility means that IPv4 is still the
    primary protocol used for most internet traffic.

    Familiarity: IPv4 has been in use for decades, and network administrators are very
    familiar with its workings. This familiarity can make troubleshooting and managing
    networks more straightforward compared to newer protocols.

    DISADVANTAGES:
    Address Exhaustion: One of the most significant disadvantages of IPv4 is its limited
    address space. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses, which provides approximately 4.3 billion unique
    addresses. With the proliferation of internet-connected devices, this address space is
    quickly becoming exhausted, leading to the scarcity of available IPv4 addresses.
    Scalability Challenges: IPv4's design limitations can hinder the scalability of networks,
    particularly as the number of continues to grow exponentially. IPv4 routing tables can
    become large and unwieldy, leading to increased routing complexity and potential
    performance issues.

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