Q4-Week 3-Atmosphere

Directions: state whether the following statements
are True or False.
1. Plants and animals are renewable natural

resources.
2. Coal and natural gas are renewable energy
resources.
3. Illegal logging is a threat to the depletion of
natural resources.
4. Plants and animals provide us food, clothing,
and recreation.
5. Solar and wind energy are non-renewable
energy resources.
Earth’s atmosphere is comparable to a
JACKET FOR OUR PLANET. It surrounds
our planet, keeps us warm, gives us oxygen
to breathe, and it's where our weather
happens.
EARTH
The only planet in the solar system with
an atmosphere that can sustain life. The
blanket of gases not only contains the air that
we breathe but also protects us from the blasts
of heat and radiation coming from the sun. It
warms the planet by day and cools it by night.
Earth’s atmosphere
 Earth’s atmosphere is made of a mixture of gases
called air.
 Nitrogen gas makes up about 78% of
Earth’s atmosphere.
 The second most abundant gas is

oxygen, which makes up 21% of
Earth’s atmosphere.
 The third Argon (Ar).
 Carbon Dioxide (CO2 )

 Major Constituents (99%):
 Nitrogen (N): 78%
 Oxygen (O2): 21%
 Trace Constituents:
 Argon (Ar)
 Water vapor (H2O)
 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
 Ozone (O3)
 Methane (CH4)
Pressure in the Atmosphere
 The gas molecules closest

to Earth’s surface are
packed together very
closely.
 This means pressure is

lower the higher you go
into the atmosphere.
Layers of Atmosphere
Troposphere
 Lowest layer
 Its altitude ranges from 0-10

kilometers high.
 Temperature decreases with
altitude
 6°C per kilometer
 Top of troposphere averages
–50°C
 Where weather occurs
 Boundary between the
troposphere, and the
stratosphere is called the
tropopause
View of troposphere layer from an
airplane's window.
Stratosphere
 Extends from 10 km to 50 km above the
ground
 Temperature increases with altitude
 It is the only layer where jets can travel
 It is where the Protective Ozone is

found. It is considered as “good” ozone
because it protects life on Earth
from the harmful effects of the
Sun's Ultraviolet (UV) rays.
 Upper boundary is called stratopause.
• The increase in temperature with height
occurs due to absorption of ultraviolet
(UV) radiation from the sun.
Mesosphere
 Extends to almost 80 km high
 The mesosphere burns up
most meteors and asteroids
before they are able to reach
the earth's surface.
 Gases are less dense.
 Temperature decreases as
altitude increases.
 Gases in this layer absorb very little
UV radiation.
Temperature: DECREASES (up to -100 ºC)
Characteristics:
1. It is the coldest region of the atmosphere.
2. It extends from the top of the stratosphere to an altitude of
about 90 kilometers.
3. It is the layer that protects the Earth by burning up meteors
while entering the atmosphere.
Thermosphere
 Above the mesosphere and
extends to almost 600 km high
 Temperature increases
with altitude
 Readily absorbs solar

radiation
 Temperature can go as
high as 1,500 °C
 Reflects radio waves

Temperature: INCREASES (from 500 ºC to 2,000 ºC)
Characteristics:
1. Its air molecules are 1 km apart.
2. It is the first layer exposed to the Sun's radiation and so it is
first heated by the Sun.
3. It is often considered the “hot layer” because it contains the
warmest temperatures in the atmosphere.
4. It is the layer where satellites are found.
5. It is where the Ionosphere is found.
Characteristics of Ionosphere:
1. It is the lower part of the Thermosphere.
2. It allows long distance radio communication by reflecting
the radio waves back to Earth.
3. It is where the Aurora borealis (also known as the
northern/southern lights) is one of the most amazing
sky phenomena that occurs mostly in the
thermosphere (colored lights shimmering across the night
sky).
Layers of
Atmosphere
 The exosphere begins at
about 500 kilometers above
Earth and does not have a
specific outer limit.
 Satellites orbit Earth in the

exosphere.
 Beyond the thermosphere
which leads into outer
space
Temperature: Varies from very hot to very cold
Characteristics:
1. It is the Upper part of Thermosphere.
2. It is the actual "final frontier" of Earth's gaseous envelope.
3. It is where rockets travel.
Atmospheric Temperatures
Temperature Altitude
Outer Space
Exosphere
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Earth’s Surface
DIRECTION: Choose the BEST word that completes the sentence.
1. Atmosphere act as (blanket, wall, light) of the earth.
2. The upper limit of the atmosphere is called (stratosphere,

troposphere, exosphere)
3. The layer after the mesosphere where air is very thin is called the
(exosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere)
4. The gas that makes up most of the Earth’s atmosphere is

(Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide)
5. (Ozone, Meteors, Auroras) layer protects us from the harmful

radiation of the sun.
Solar Energy
• The driving energy source for heating

Earth, and circulation in Earth’s
atmosphere.
• Some of the Sun’s energy coming through
Earth’s atmosphere is reflected by gases
and/or clouds in the atmosphere.
• Solar energy that is absorbed by Earth’s
land and water surfaces is changed to
heat that moves/radiates back into the
atmosphere (troposphere) where the heat
cannot be transmitted through the
atmosphere, so it is trapped, a process
known as the Greenhouse effect.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
It is a natural process that warms the
Earth's surface.
One of the things that make the Earth

a comfortable place to live. Without the
greenhouse effect, Earth would be very cold
– too cold for living things, such as plants
and animals.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
The trapping of heat by gases in the atmosphere.
 Naturally occurring greenhouse gases:
 Water vapor
 Carbon dioxide
 Methane
 Nitrous oxide
 Ozone
 Greenhouse gases that are not naturally occurring
 Hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs)
Generated in a variety of
 Per fluorocarbons (PFCs) industrial processes.
 Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
The Greenhouse Effect on Earth
Earth’s atmosphere is slightly warmer than what it should be
due to direct solar heating because of a mild case of
greenhouse effect…
 The ground is heated by visible
and (some) infrared light from
the Sun.
 The heated surface emits
infrared light.
 The majority of Earth’s
atmosphere (N2 and O2) are not
good greenhouse gas.
 The small amount of
greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2)
traps (absorb and re-emit) the
infrared radiation, increasing
the temperature of the
atmosphere…
The sun’s heat enters About half of the heat The rest reaches the
the atmosphere as is reflected or earth, where it
SOLAR RADIATION
absorbed by clouds absorbs by oceans
and the atmosphere. and land.
1 2 3
The earth also releases Some of this heat escape But most of it captured
heat called infrared directly back into space and retained by
radiation back toward greenhouse gases in
space the atmosphere.
4 5 6
Greenhouse Effect
 FACT: 15% increase in [CO2] in last 100
years
 Cause:
Change from agricultural to industrial
lifestyle
Burning of fossil fuels (petroleum, coal)
Increase CO2 emissions (cars, factories etc…)
Deforestation
 Effects:
Global warming
Melt polar ice caps  flooding at sea
How are humans impacting the
greenhouse effect?
what do you think will happen if
carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
gases continue to increase in the
atmosphere?
Since greenhouse gases act as the Earth’s
blanket, more heat will be trapped and will not
return out into space if they increase in amount.
This will make Earth’s temperature hotter.
“GLOBAL WARMING”
The ozone layer
 In the 1970s, scientists

noticed that the ozone
layer in the stratosphere
above Antarctica was
thinning.
Chlorofluorocarbons & the ozone layer
 A group of chemicals called
chlorofluorocarbons (or CFCs)
were once commonly used in
air conditioners, in aerosol
spray cans, and for cleaning
machine parts.
Chlorofluorocarbons & the ozone layer
 The ozone layer absorbs the Sun’s high-energy ultraviolet
(UV) radiation and protects the Earth.
 In the stratosphere, the CFCs break down and release
chlorine.
 The chlorine reacts with ozone molecules, which
normally block incoming ultraviolet radiation.
Greenhouse gases are necessary in the
atmosphere because without it, our planet would
become too cold for us.
In natural greenhouse effect, more heat

escaped back into the space and less is re-emitted
towards the Earth’s surface. However, in the
enhanced greenhouse effect, due to the high
presence of greenhouse gases, more heat is
trapped and reflected back to the Earth’s surface.
Direction: Identify the word/s being described on each item by
arranging the jumbled letters given.
1. A T O M S P E H R E
-It is the envelope of air that surrounds the Earth.
2. X E O S P H E E R
-It is the upper limit of our atmosphere.
3. R G E E N O H U S E F F E E T C
-It is a natural process by which the Earth’s atmosphere warms up.
4. R A I
-It refers to the mixture of gases in the atmosphere.
5. R O O T P P H E R E
-Weather occurs in this layer of the atmosphere

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Directions: state whether the following statements

are True or False.

1. Plants and animals are renewable natural

 The second most abundant gas is

 The third Argon (Ar).

 Carbon Dioxide (CO2 )

 The gas molecules closest

 This means pressure is

 Its altitude ranges from 0-10

 It is the only layer where jets can travel

 It is where the Protective Ozone is

 Readily absorbs solar

 Reflects radio waves

 Satellites orbit Earth in the

1. Atmosphere act as (blanket, wall, light) of the earth.

2. The upper limit of the atmosphere is called (stratosphere,

4. The gas that makes up most of the Earth’s atmosphere is

5. (Ozone, Meteors, Auroras) layer protects us from the harmful

• The driving energy source for heating

One of the things that make the Earth

 In the 1970s, scientists

In natural greenhouse effect, more heat

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