INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

CTN-618: Intelligent Transport Systems

Prof. Hemant Kumar Suman

hemant@ct.iitr.ac.in
https://www.iitr.ac.in/~CTRANS/hemant
ITS in Railways

2
Agenda

• Introduction to Indian Railways

• Vande Bharat Express (Train 18)
• Train Control System
• ITS in Railways
• ITS in Metro/RRTS
• Summary

3
Indian Railways

• It is 4th largest
national railway
system in the world
(Mar-22)
– Route length:
~68,000 km
– Track length:
~128,000 km
– No. of stations:
~7,000
– Having 17 zones

Sources: https://www.ibef.org/download/1673948363_Railways-November-2022.pdf ; https://www.mapsofindia.com

https://www.ibef.org/industry/indian-railways#:~:text=India%20has%20the%20fourth%20largest,to%201.28%20billion%20in%20FY21. 4
Indian Railways

• It is 4th largest national railway system in the world (Mar-22)

– No. of trains: ~22,500
• No. of Passenger trains: ~13,500
• No. of Freight trains: ~9,000

– Daily no. of passengers: ~24 million

– Daily freight: ~204 million tonnes

• Variety of goods
– Mineral ores, iron, steel, fertilisers, petrochemicals, agricultural products, etc.

– National Rail Plan 2030

• Bring down logistics cost
• Ensure 100% electrification (currently: 80% of broad-gauge)

Sources: https://www.ibef.org/download/1673948363_Railways-November-2022.pdf;
https://www.ibef.org/industry/indian-railways#:~:text=India%20has%20the%20fourth%20largest,to%201.28%20billion%20in%20FY21. 5
Indian Railways

• Vande Bharat Express (Train 18):

– Initial trials: Chennai & Delhi
– Final trial: Kota – Sawai Madhopur
– Test speed: 180 km/h
– Cost per train: ₹115 crore
– First train: 15 February 2019
– Planning to roll out 400 trains
– Integral Coach Factory (ICF), Chennai
• completely in-house design and
• manufacture, computer modelling and
working with a large no. of suppliers for system integration in just 18 months
– Matching global standards with less than half of the global cost
– Objective
• To upgrade maintenance technologies & methodologies, and achieve
improvement in productivity & performance of all Railway assets & manpower

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Bharat_Express 6
Indian Railways

• Vande Bharat Express (Train 18):

– Sudhanshu Mani

7
Indian Railways

• Vande Bharat Express

(Train 18):
– Sudhanshu Mani

8
Indian Railways

• Vande Bharat Express (Train 18):

o New Delhi – Varanasi
 15 February 2019
 Reduce travel time from 13 to 8 hours

o New Delhi – Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Katra

 First vegetarian train

o Gandhinagar – Mumbai
 September 2022

o New Delhi – Amb Andaura (Himachal Pradesh)

o Chennai – Mysuru
 South India’s first Vande Bharat Express – November 2022

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Bharat_Express 9
Indian Railways

• Vande Bharat Express (Train 18):

o Nagpur – Bilaspur
 December 2022

o Howrah - New Jalpaiguri

 December 2022

o Secunderabad-Visakhapatnam
 Cutting down travel time by 2 hours

o Mumbai-Solapur

o Mumbai- Shirdi
 Operates on six days

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Bharat_Express 10
Indian Railways

• Vande Bharat Express (Train 18)

– Features and Amenities
• Engine less trains like metro
• Intelligent braking system
• Automatic doors & CCTV cameras for smart security
• GPS-based audio-visual passenger information system
• On-board Wi-Fi for entertainment purposes
• Very comfortable seating
• Have 32-inch LCD TVs
• Every coach has a pantry with facilities to serve
– hot meals, hot and cold beverages
• 16 air-conditioned coaches
– Two are executive class coaches
– Total seating capacity is 1,128 passengers
• Regenerative braking system, which can save 30% of electricity
• Driver-guard communication with voice recording facility

Source: https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2022/nov/doc20221111123501.pdf 11
Train Control Systems in Railways

• Major Functions
– Train protection
• Prevention of collisions & derailments
– Train detection
– Train separation
– Route interlocking
– Speed enforcement
– Track & train surveillance
– Train Operations
• Train movement
• Stopping at the right station at the platform
• Opening and closing of doors
– Train Supervision
• Controlling train movement
– Communication
• Provide up-to-date information

Source: Sarkar & Jain (2018) 12

Train Control Systems in Railways

• System of Working
– Absolute Block System
– Automatic Block System

Source: Sarkar & Jain (2018) 13

Train Control Systems in Railways

• System of Working
– Absolute Block System

Source: Sarkar & Jain (2018); http://www.railway-technical.com/signalling/ 14

Train Control Systems in Railways

• System of Working
– Automatic Block System

Source: Sarkar & Jain (2018); http://www.railway-technical.com/signalling/ 15

Train Control Systems in Railways

• System of Working
– Absolute Block System
– Automatic Block System

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8iUDeNAOWM 16
Indian Railways

• ITS in Railways
– Use LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technique
• to survey the surface for the Delhi-Varanasi high-speed rail corridor
• with laser-enabled equipment mounted on a helicopter

– Installed automated weather forecast equipment

• at 19 stations in North-Western Railway zone
• to provide storm warnings and other weather updates
– to station masters
– and passengers

– Passenger reservation system

• CRIS: Center for Railway Information Systems
– Service provider for PRS
– Capable of providing reservation services 97.5% time of the day

Source: https://www.ibef.org/download/1673948363_Railways-November-2022.pdf 17
Indian Railways

• ITS in Railways
– KAVACH: Automatic Train Protection (ATP) System
• Train Collision Avoidance System
• Developed indigenously by RDSO & three Indian vendors
• 1098 km route in South Central Railway has been brought under Kavach

Source: Google images 18

Indian Railways
TCAS: Train Collision Avoidance System
• ITS in Railways
– KAVACH: ATP
• Set of
– Electronic devices
– GPS
– RFID tags Operation
cum
• In Indication
– Locomotives Panel
– Signaling systems
– Tracks
– Stations

• Use high-frequency radio signals

Source: https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/Handbook%20on%20Train%20Collision%20Avoidance%20System_April%202021(2).pdf 19
Indian Railways

• ITS in Railways
– KAVACH: ATP

Source: https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/Handbook%20on%20Train%20Collision%20Avoidance%20System_April%202021(2).pdf 20
Indian Railways

• ITS in Railways
– KAVACH: ATP

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNfpa06fgFs 21
Indian Railways

• ITS in Railways
– KAVACH: ATP

Source: The Hindu 22

Indian Railways

• ITS in Railways
– KAVACH: ATP

Source: Twitter/Central Railway; https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1808641 23

Indian Railways

• ITS in Railways
– Freight operation information systems
– connects all major regional headquarters
– Terminal Management System
» ensures billing and account of freight earnings,
» calculation of freight charges, generation of railway receipts etc.
– Parcel Management System
» covers parcel booking, cancellation and loading,
» monitoring and tracking
» and Radio Frequency Identification tags for tracking parcels.
– Six dedicated freight corridors (DFC) are planned.
» To meet the freight demand and enhance the quality of service,

Source: https://www.ibef.org/download/1673948363_Railways-November-2022.pdf 24
Railway ITS

• Physical framework of Railway ITS

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809922007135 25
Railway ITS

26
 Railway ITS

• Wi-Fi on running trains

– Satellite Earth Station

– Satellite

– On-board Satellite
Equipment

– Network & Wireless

Broadcasting Equipment
Reference Architecture for Internet Access on Trains

Source:
https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/HB%20on%20BB%20INet%20on%20running%20train%20thro%20Satelli
te%20Communication.pdf
27
 Railways ITS

• Advantages of Wi-Fi on running trains

– The Wi-Fi service allows passengers to be connected with their
friends and relatives during the journey.
– Business personnel can continue their work while sitting in trains.
– The service is almost free; passengers can pass the time by
watching movies and listening to their favourite songs.
– Train accidents or minor faults in the trains can easily be notified
from remote locations to their controlling stations.
– The technology provides real-time train control.
– It makes it easy to have safety-related applications such as CCTV
streaming, door clearance, and passenger information systems.

Source:
https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/HB%20on%20BB%20INet%20on%20running%20train%20thro%20Satelli
te%20Communication.pdf
28
ITS in Metro

• Metro / RRTS network

– PIS
• Coach occupancy status
• Train arrival / waiting time information
• Next station information
• Interchange information
• Automatic fare information

– Integrated and automatic ticketing

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Indian Railways

• Initiatives for Railways

Source: https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2022/nov/doc20221111123501.pdf 30
References
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vande_Bharat_Express
• https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1808641
• https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/HB%20on%20BB%20INet%20on%20running%20trai
n%20thro%20Satellite%20Communication.pdf
• https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/Handbook%20on%20Train%20Collision%20Avoidan
ce%20System_April%202021(2).pdf
• https://www.ibef.org/download/1673948363_Railways-November-2022.pdf
• https://www.ibef.org/industry/indian-railways#:~:text=India%20has%20the%20fourth%20largest,to
%201.28%20billion%20in%20FY21

• https://www.mapsofindia.com
• http://www.railway-technical.com/signalling/
• https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2022/nov/doc20221111123501.pdf
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809922007135
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNfpa06fgFs
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8iUDeNAOWM
• Sarkar, P. K., & Jain, A. K. (2018). Intelligent transport systems. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. 31
Thanks…

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