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BEARINGS,PLUMMER BLOCK
Mithralinni.M.A II B.Tech AGE What are bearings? Bearings are "parts that assist objects' rotation". They support the shaft that rotates inside the machinery. Machines that use bearings include automobiles, airplanes, electric generators and so on. They are even used in household appliances that we all use every day, such as refrigerators, vacuum cleaners and air-conditioners. Bearings support the rotating shafts of the wheels, gears, turbines, rotors, etc. in those machines, allowing them to rotate more smoothly. In this way, all sorts of machines require a great many shafts for rotation, which means bearings are almost always used, to the point where they have become known as "the bread and butter of the machine industry". At first glance, bearings may seem like simple mechanical parts, but we could not survive without bearings. The role of bearings: So why are they so important? Function 1: Reduce friction and make rotation more smooth Friction is bound to occur between the rotating shaft and the part that supports the rotation. Bearings are used between these two components. The bearings serve to reduce friction and allow for smoother rotation. This cuts down on the amount of energy consumption. This is the single most important function of bearings. Function 2: Protect the part that supports the rotation, and maintain the correct position for the rotating shaft A large amount of force is needed between the rotating shaft and the part that supports the rotation. Bearings perform the function of preventing damage from being done by this force to the part that supports the rotation, and also of maintaining the correct position of the rotating shaft. Types of bearings 1)Ball Bearings Deep-Groove Ball Bearings: The most widely used roller bearing type in the world due to their versatility and overall performance. They are characterized by having deep raceway grooves in which the inner and outer rings have circular arcs of slightly larger radius than that of the balls. Angular Contact Ball Bearings: Angular contact ball bearings can withstand high radial- axial loads and reach high speeds. They are asymmetrical for manufacturing reasons and can withstand unidirectional axial loads only. Self-Aligning Ball Bearings :In a self-aligning bearing, the inner ring has two raceways and the outer ring has a single spherical raceway with its center of curvature coincident with the bearing axis. Applications: Household Items: Bicycles, Skateboards, Sewing Machines, Washing Machines, Tumble Driers. Industries: Elevators, Assembly Lines, Escalators, Medical and Dental Equipment. 2.Tapered Roller Bearings Tapered angles allow the bearings to efficiently control a combination of radial and thrust loads. The steeper the outer ring angle, the greater ability the bearing has to handle thrust loads. To provide a true rolling motion of the rollers on the raceways, the extensions of the raceways and the tapered surfaces of the rollers come together at a common point, the apex, on the axis of rotation. Applications: Agriculture, construction and mining equipment, sports robot combat, axle systems, gearbox, engine motors and reducers, propeller shaft, railroad axle- box, differential, wind turbines, etc. 3.Spherical Roller Bearings A spherical roller bearing is a rolling-element bearing that permits rotation with low friction and permits angular misalignment. Typically, these bearings support a rotating shaft in the bore of the inner ring that may be misaligned with respect to the outer ring. Applications: Gearboxes, wind turbines, continuous casting machines, material handling, pumps, mechanical fans and blowers, mining and construction equipment, pulp and paper processing equipment, marine propulsion and offshore drilling, off-road vehicles. 4. Cylindrical Roller Bearings Cylindrical Roller Bearings are designed to carry heavy loads—the primary rolling element is a cylinder, which means the load is distributed over a larger area, enabling the bearing to handle larger amounts of weight. This structure, however, means the bearing can handle primarily radial loads, but is not suited to thrust loads.
Applications: Mining, petroleum production, power generation, power transmission, cement
processing, aggregate crushing, and metal recycling, Briquetting machines, rubber mixing equipment, rolling mills, rotary dryers, or pulp and paper machinery, construction equipment, crushers, electric motors, blowers and fans, gears and drives, plastics machinery, machine tools and traction motors and pumps. 5.Needle Roller Bearings A needle roller bearing is a special type of roller bearing which uses long, thin cylindrical rollers resembling needles. Ordinary roller bearings rollers are only slightly longer than their diameter, but needle bearings typically have rollers that are at least four times longer than their diameter. Applications: Needle bearings are heavily used in automobile components such as rocker arm pivots, pumps, gearboxes, automotive power transmission systems, two and four stroke engines, planetary gear sets and air compressors. 6. Slewing Bearings A slewing bearing or slewing ring is a rotational rolling-element bearing that typically supports a heavy but slow-turning or slow-oscillating load, often a horizontal platform such as a conventional crane, a swing yarder, or the wind-facing platform of a horizontal-axis windmill. Applications: Cranes for Bulk/Scrap handling, shocks vibration, Radiotherapy applications, pharmaceutical industry for all production steps. 7. Thrust Ball Bearings A thrust bearing permit rotation between parts, but they are designed to support a high axial load while doing this (parallel to the shaft). Higher speed applications require oil lubrication. Generally, they are composed of two washers (raceways) which may be grooved the rolling balls elements which are typically caged. As opposed to roller thrust bearings, ball thrust bearings can generally operate at higher speeds but at lower loads. Roller thrust bearings, much like ball thrust bearings, handle thrust loads. The difference, however, lies in the amount of weight the bearing can handle: roller thrust bearings can support significantly larger amounts of thrust load, and are therefore found in car transmissions, where they are used to support helical gears. Gear support, in general, is a common application for roller thrust bearings.
Applications: Automotive, marine, and aerospace applications. They are also used in the main and tail rotor blade grips of RC (radio controlled) helicopters, forward gears in modern car gearboxes, radio antenna masts to reduce the load on an antenna rotator, in an automobile the clutch “throw out” bearing, sometimes called the clutch release bearing. 8. Plain Bearings Plain bearings are the simplest type of bearing and are composed of just the bearing surface with no rolling elements. They have a high load-carrying capacity, are generally the least expensive and, depending on the materials, have much longer lives. Applications: Turbomachines, such as power plant steam turbines, compressors operating in critical pipeline applications, ship propeller shafts, etc.
Plummer block bearing:
A pillow block bearing (or Plummer block) is a pedestal used to support a rotating shaft with the help of compatible bearings and various accessories. The assembly consists of a mounting block which houses a bearing. The block is mounted to a foundation, and a shaft is inserted, allowing the inner part of the bearing/shaft to rotate. Conclusion: Bearings are the mechanical parts that make the world go round Bearings play a crucial role in our daily lives, but it is precisely because of their importance that we must constantly strive to make them more precise and durable. Additionally, it is vital to the development of machine technology that we continue going forward to develop bearings that can work under ever harsher and more specialized conditions. Bearings will no doubt continue to evolve and change, and to improve our livelihoods by "making the world go round".
Bearings And Bearing Metals: A Treatise Dealing with Various Types of Plain Bearings, the Compositions and Properties of Bearing Metals, Methods of Insuring Proper Lubrication, and Important Factors Governing the Design of Plain Bearings
Bearings And Bearing Metals: A Treatise Dealing with Various Types of Plain Bearings, the Compositions and Properties of Bearing Metals, Methods of Insuring Proper Lubrication, and Important Factors Governing the Design of Plain Bearings
