MATHEMATICS

IN OUR WORLD
The mathematics in our world is rooted in
patterns. Patterns are all around us. Finding
and understanding patterns give us great
power to play like God. With patterns, we
can discover and understand new things; we
learn to predict and ultimately control the
future for our own advantage.
 A pattern is a structure, form, or
design that is regular, consistent, or
recurring. Patterns can be found in
nature, in human-made designs, or
in abstract ideas. They occur in
different contexts and various forms.
 Different Kinds of Pattern
• Patterns of Visuals
• Patterns of Flow
• Patterns of Movement
• Patterns of Rhythm
• Patterns of Texture
• Geometric Patterns
 Patterns of Visuals.
Visual patterns are often unpredictable,
never quite repeatable, and often
contain fractals. These patterns are can
be seen from the
seeds and pinecones to the branches
and leaves. They are also visible in self-
similar replication of trees, ferns, and
plants throughout nature.
 Patterns of Flow.
The flow of liquids provides an
inexhaustible supply of nature’s
patterns. Patterns of flow are usually
found in the water, stone, and even in the
growth of trees. There is also a flow
pattern present in meandering rivers with
the repetition of undulating lines.
 Patterns of Movement.
In the human walk, the feet strike the
ground in a regular rhythm: the left-right-
left-right-left rhythm. When a horse, a four-
legged creature walks, there is more of a
complex but equally rhythmic pattern. This
prevalence of pattern in locomotion
extends to the scuttling of insects, the
flights of birds, the pulsations of jellyfish,
and also the wave-like movements of fish,
 Patterns of Rhythm.
Rhythm is conceivably the most basic pattern in
nature. Our hearts and lungs follow a regular
repeated pattern of sounds or movement whose
timing is adapted to our body’s needs. Many of
nature’s rhythms are most likely similar to a
heartbeat, while others are like breathing. The
beating of the heart, as well as breathing, have a
default pattern.
 Patterns of Texture.
A texture is a quality of a certain object that
we sense through touch. It exists as a literal
surface that we can feel, see, and imagine.
Textures are of many kinds. It can be
bristly, and rough, but it can also be smooth,
cold, and
hard.
 Geometric Patterns.
A geometric pattern is a kind of pattern which
consists of a series of shapes that are typically
repeated. These are regularities in the natural
world that are repeated in a predictable
manner. Geometrical patterns are usually
visible on cacti and succulents.
  Patterns Found In Nature
Common patterns appear in nature,
just like what we see when we look
closely at plants, flowers, animals,
and even at our bodies. These
common patterns are all incorporated
in many natural things.
Waves and Dunes
 Spots and Stripes
 Spirals
  Symmetries
In mathematics, if a figure can be folded or divided into
two with two halves which are the same, such figure is
called a symmetric figure. Symmetry has a vital role in
pattern formation. It is used to classify and organize
information about patterns by classifying the motion or
deformation of both pattern structures and processes. There
are many kinds of symmetry, and the most important ones
are reflections, rotations, and translations. These kinds of
symmetries are less formally called flips, turns, and slides.
 Reflection symmetry
sometimes called
line symmetry or
mirror symmetry,
captures
symmetries when
the left half of a
pattern is the
same as the right
half.
  Rotations
-also known as rotational
symmetry, captures symmetries
when it still
looks the same after some rotation
(of less than one full turn). The
degree of rotational symmetry of
an object is recognized by the
number of distinct
orientations in which it looks the
same for each rotation.
  Translations
This is another type of
symmetry. Translational
symmetry exists in
patterns that we see in
nature and in man-made
objects. Translations acquire
symmetries when units are
repeated and turn out having
identical figures, like the
bees’ honeycomb with
hexagonal tiles.
  Symmetries in Nature
From the structure of subatomic particles
to that of the entire universe, symmetry
is present. The presence of symmetries in
nature does not only attract our visual
sense, but also plays an integral and
prominent role in the way our life works.
 Human Body Animal Movement
The human body is one of the pieces The symmetry of motion is present in
of evidence that there is symmetry in animal movements. When animals
nature. Our body exhibits bilateral move, we can see that their
symmetry. It can be divided into two movements also
identical halves. exhibit symmetry.
 Sunflower Snowflakes
One of the most interesting things about Snowflakes have six-fold radial
a sunflower is that it contains both radial symmetry. The ice crystals that
and bilateral symmetry. What appears make-up the snowflakes are
to be "petals" in the outer ring are symmetrical or patterned. The
actually small flowers also known as ray intricate shape of a single arm of a
florets. These small flowers are snowflake is very much similar to
bilaterally symmetrical. On the other the other arms. This only proves
hand, the dark inner ring of the that symmetry is present in a
sunflower is a cluster of radially snowflake.
symmetrical disk florets.
 Honeycombs/Beehive
Honeycombs or beehives are examples
of wallpaper symmetry. This kind of
symmetry is created when a pattern is
repeated until it covers a plane.
Beehives
are made of walls with each side having
the same size enclosed with small
hexagonal cells. Inside these cells, honey
and pollen are stored and bees are
raised.
 Starfish
Starfish have a radial
fivefold symmetry.
Each arm portion of
the starfish is
identical to each of
the other regions.
  Fibonacci in Nature
By learning about nature, it becomes gradually
evident that the nature is essentially mathematical,
and this is one of the reasons why explaining nature
is dependent on mathematics.
Mathematics has the power to unveil the inherent
beauty of the natural world.
In describing the amazing variety of
phenomena in nature we stumble to
discoverthe existence of Fibonacci
numbers. It turns out that the
Fibonacci numbers appearfrom the
smallest up to the biggest objects in
the natural world. This presence of
 This presence of Fibonacci numbers in
nature, which was once existed realm
mathematician’s curiously, is considered as
one of the biggest mysteries why the some
patterns in nature is Fibonacci. But one
thing is definitely made certain, and that
what seemed solely mathematical is also
natural.
For instance, many flowers display
figures adorned with numbers of
petals that are
in the Fibonacci sequence. The
classic five-petal flowers are said
to be the most common among
them. These include the
buttercup, columbine, and
hibiscus
 Aside
from those flowers with five petals,
eight-petal flowers like clematis and
delphinium also have the Fibonacci
numbers, while ragwort and
marigold have thirteen. These
numbers are all Fibonacci numbers.
 Apart from the counts of flower petals, the Fibonacci also
occurs in nautilus shells
with a logarithmic spiral growth. Multiple Fibonacci spirals
are also present in
pineapples and red cabbages. The patterns are all consistent
and natural.
 MIDTERM PROJECT:

MOSAIC ART PRESENTATION

PATTERNS IN NATURE