Introduction

to Operating
System
Prepared by: Jhanine C. Abendan

11:1
1PM
Learning
Objectives
• Understand the Role of Operating Systems
• Identify the Key Historical Milestones in OS Development
• Classify Different Types of Operating Systems
• Examine Popular Operating Systems
• Explore the Core Functions of Operating Systems
• Apply Knowledge to Real-World Scenarios

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• Overview • Overview • Overview • Overview • Overview • Overview • Overview • Overview • Overview •
Overview •

Topics Covered

Topics What is History of Types of

Operating Operating Operatin
System? system g System

Examples Function of
of Operating
Operating System
System
WHAT IS AN An operating system (OS) is software
that manages computer hardware and

OPERATING software resources and provides

common services for computer
programs.

SYSTEM?
Its purpose is to act as an intermediary
between users and the computer
hardware.

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• Overview • Overview • Overview • Overview • Overview • Overview • Overview • Overview • Overview •
Overview •

Architecture
Diagram of
Operating
System
 History of Operating System
Rise of
Development
personal
1990s -
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s
Start of Simple Introduction of modern OS
Development
Batch processing
of UNIX
of time-
sharing
computing and
the Present
like Linux,
Windows NT,
systems systems. introduction of
macOS, and
MS-DOS and
mobile OS.
Windows.

1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s -

Present

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 Types of
Operating
Systems General Purpose Operating Systems
• an array of operating systems intended to run
a multitude of applications on a broad
selection of hardware, enabling a user to run
one or more applications or tasks
simultaneously.
Mobile Operating Systems
• designed to accommodate the unique needs of
mobile computing and communication-centric
devices, such as smartphones and tablets.

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 Example of Operating
Systems
Windows macOS Linux Android iOS

Open-source
Developed by
Developed by OS, used in Based on Developed by
Microsoft,
Apple, used in servers, Linux, used in Apple, used in
widely used in
Macintosh desktops, and mobile iPhones and
personal
computers. embedded devices. iPads.
computers.
systems.

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Windows
Mac OS
Linux
Android iOS
 Types of
Operating
Embedded Operating
Systems Systems
• A dedicated computing device only does one
major thing, so the OS is highly stripped down and
dedicated to both performance and resilience. Ex:
home digital assistants, automated teller
machines (ATMs), airplane systems, retail point of
sale (POS) terminals and internet of things (IoT)
devices
Real-Time Operating
Systems
• When a computing device must interact with the
real world within constant and repeatable time
constraints. Ex: an industrial control system may
direct the operations of a sprawling factory or
Back to Overview Page power plant.
s of an Operating System • Functions of an Operating System • Functions of an Operating System • Functions of an
System •

Functions of an Operating System

Process Management Resource Management

Manages processes in a manages and allocates

memory, CPU time, and
multitasking environment. other hardware resources

File System Management Device Management

Organizes, stores, Manages device

retrieves, and communication via their
respective drivers.
manipulates files.

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of an Operating System • Functions of an Operating System • Functions of an Operating System • Functions of an

System •
s of an Operating System • Functions of an Operating System • Functions of an Operating System • Functions of an
System •

Functions of an Operating System

User Interface Networking

enables users to establishing and

interact with the managing network
computer system. connections

Virtualization Backup and Recovery

allow multiple provides mechanisms
operating systems or
applications to run on for backing up data and
a single physical recovering it
machine
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of an Operating System • Functions of an Operating System • Functions of an Operating System • Functions of an

System •
s of an Operating System • Functions of an Operating System • Functions of an Operating System • Functions of an
System •

Functions of an Operating System

Error-detecting Aids

contain methods that

include the production of
dumps, traces, error
messages

Performance Monitoring Security and Access

Control
provides tools for Protects data and
monitoring and resources from
optimizing system unauthorized access.
performance
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of an Operating System • Functions of an Operating System • Functions of an Operating System • Functions of an

System •
 Summary
Operating System
Definition: Software managing computer hardware, software resources,
and providing common services for programs.

Historical Overview
1950s: Simple batch processing systems (e.g., GM-NAA I/O).
1960s: Time-sharing systems
1970s: UNIX development.
1980s: Personal computing era with MS-DOS and Windows.
1990s - Present: Modern OS (Linux, Windows NT, macOS) and mobile OS (iOS,
Android).
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 Summary
Types of Operating Systems
General-Purpose OS: For diverse applications (e.g., Windows, macOS).
Mobile OS: Optimized for mobile devices (e.g., iOS, Android).
Embedded OS: Used in dedicated devices (e.g., ATMs, IoT devices).
Real-Time OS (RTOS): Ensures timely responses in real-world applications.

Key Functions
Process Management: Manages process execution.
Memory Management: Allocates and optimizes memory.
Resource Management: Manages hardware resources.
Device Management: Facilitates device communication.
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 Summary
Key Functions
File System Management: Organizes files.
User Interface: Provides interaction interfaces.
Networking: Manages network connections.
Virtualization: Supports multiple OS or applications on one machine.
Backup and Recovery: Provides data backup mechanisms.
Security: Protects data from unauthorized access.
Performance Monitoring: Optimizes system performance.
Error Detection: Includes debugging methods

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Q&A
References
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/operating_system/os_overview.htm
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-an-operating-system/
• https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/operating-system-OS

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