Cultural Evolution

NDERSTANDING CULTURE
SOCIETY & POLITICS

PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY: Look carefully at
pictures, what do you observe from it?
SOCIO-
CULTURAL
AND
POLITICAL
EVOLUTION
SOCIO-CULTURAL EVOLUTION
• Explains why human societies change

through time.
• in this process, societies produce new forms
of subsistence, acquire more knowledge,
develop different levels of innovation, and
apply new forms of technology as a response
to challenges posed by the environment.
GERHARD LENSKI (1924-2015)
• An American sociologist,
argued that human society
undergoes transformation
and evolution and in the
process develops
technological
advancement. this is
called SOCIOCULTURAL
EVOLUTION.
DIFFRENT TYPES OF SOCIETIES
• 1. Hunting and Gathering
• 2. Horticultural
• 3. Pastoral
• 4. Agricultural
• 5. Industrial
• 6. Post-industrial
HUNTING AND GATHERING
SOCIETIES
•The oldest and the most basic way of
economic subsistence.
•Humans produce simple forms of tools used
to hunt animals and gather plants and
vegetation for food.
HUNTING AND GATHERING
SOCIETIES
•In this society, men are tasked to hunt
large animals while women on the other
hand are responsible for the collection
of edible crops.
•Hunters and gatherers mostly live in
caves or underground houses
HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETIES
 Developed around 10,000 years ago.
This societies subsist through small-scale
farming. they produce and use simple forms of
hand tool to plant crops. they use hoes and
digging sticks to bore holes on the ground for
seed planting.
In this societies, there is a surplus of of foods.
PASTORAL SOCIETIES
•Developed around 10,00 years ago.
•the principal means of subsistence
of pastoralist is animal
domestication
AGRICULTURAL
SOCIETIES
• began 5000 years ago during the neolithic period.
• During this time, neolithic revolution occured. With this
major socio cultural development, agricultural societies
began to cultivate wheat, barley, peas, rice and millet.
• Neolithic people produce cultivation tools and developed
farming skills that can support and sustain a town with
apopulation of over a thousand of people.
AGRICULTURAL
SOCIETIES
•Agricultural revolution started in West
Asia (middle East and moved to India.
The cultivation of wheat and barley also
spread in Europe.
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES: FEUDAL
AGE
• During this time, the development of
agriculture led to an increase in social
inequality because most people in society
acted as serfs and slaves while few
members became elites and acted as
owners of the land
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES: FEUDAL
AGE
• SOCIAL CLASS
DURING FEUDAL AGE
HOMAGE
FIEF
Landlord
Knights Vassal
Peasants Serfs
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
• Began when the Industrial Revolution swept
through Europe during late 18th century.
• During the Industrial Revolution, new
sources of energy were harnessed,
advanced forms of technology were applied
and machineries were inveneted
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
•These changes led to
INDUSTRIALIZATION or the
transformation of an agricultural
society into production-and-
manufacturing-based one.
POST-INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETIES
•An important development from
the industrial evolution as economic
production focused on the
application of new information and
technology.
POST-INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETIES
• According to Daniel Bell, post industrial societies ae
characterized by the following:
1) Transfer of Labor work force from manufacturing to service
2) Application of “ Intellectual technology” which is based on
the application of mathematics and linguistics and the use
of algorithms and software programming models.
3) Focus on Communication Structure
4) Knowlege as a source of invention and innovation
EVOLUTIONARY SCHEME BY HENRY
LEWIS MORGAN
• 1. Barbarianism (paleolithic period)
• 2. Savagery (mesolithic)
• 3. Civilization (neolithic)
GENERALIZATION
•Describe or explain the cultural

developments that happened in
our sciety, from pre historic or
hunting societies to post-
industrial societies.
Make an illustrated timeline that clearly shows the major
developments and changes that happened to human
society from hunting to the post-industrial stage
RUBRIC FOR ILLUSTRATED TIMELINE
CATEGORY Description POINTS
TILTLE The timeline has a creative title that 10
accurately describes the major developments
and changes that happened to human society.
CONTENT and Fcats about major developments and changes 10
FACTS that happened in human society are accurate.
GRAPHICS All graphics are effective, balanced with text 10
and PICTURES use

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NDERSTANDING CULTURE

SOCIETY & POLITICS

• Explains why human societies change

•Describe or explain the cultural

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