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Java Network Programming Thread

Class notes of university.

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m.h.rasekh1996
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8 views

Java Network Programming Thread

Class notes of university.

Uploaded by

m.h.rasekh1996
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Multi-thread:

Multithreading in Java is a process of executing multiple threads simultaneously.


A thread is a lightweight sub-process, the smallest unit of processing. Multiprocessing and
multithreading, both are used to achieve multitasking.
However, we use multithreading than multiprocessing because threads use a shared memory
area. They don't allocate separate memory area so saves memory, and context-switching
between the threads takes less time than process.
Java Multithreading is mostly used in games, animation, etc.
Advantages of Java Multithreading:
1) It doesn't block the user because threads are independent and you can
perform multiple operations at the same time.
2) You can perform many operations together, so it saves time.
3) Threads are independent, so it doesn't affect other threads if an exception
occurs in a single thread.
Multitasking:
Multitasking is a process of executing multiple tasks simultaneously. We use multitasking to
utilize the CPU. Multitasking can be achieved in two ways:
1. Process-based Multitasking (Multiprocessing)
2. Thread-based Multitasking (Multithreading)
Process-based Multitasking (Multiprocessing):
Each process has an address in memory. In other words, each process allocates a separate
memory area.
A process is heavyweight.
Cost of communication between the process is high.
Switching from one process to another requires some time for saving and loading registers,
memory maps, updating lists, etc.
Thread-based Multitasking (Multithreading)
Threads share the same address space.
A thread is lightweight.
Cost of communication between the thread is low.
What is Thread in java

A thread is a lightweight subprocess, the smallest unit of processing. It is a


separate path of execution.
Threads are independent. If there occurs exception in one thread, it doesn't
affect other threads. It uses a shared memory area.
Java Thread class:
Java provides Thread class to achieve thread programming. Thread class
provides constructors and methods to create and perform operations on a
thread. Thread class extends Object class and implements Runnable
interface.
Life cycle of a Thread (Thread States):
In Java, a thread always exists in any one of the following states. These states are:
New
Active
Blocked / Waiting
Timed Waiting
Terminated
Explanation of Different Thread States:
New: Whenever a new thread is created, it is always in the new state. For a
thread in the new state, the code has not been run yet and thus has not begun
its execution.
Active: When a thread invokes the start() method, it moves from the new state
to the active state. The active state contains two states within it: one
is runnable, and the other is running.
Explanation of Different Thread States:
Blocked or Waiting: Whenever a thread is inactive for a span of time (not permanently) then,
either the thread is in the blocked state or is in the waiting state.
Timed Waiting: Sometimes, waiting for leads to starvation.
Terminated: A thread reaches the termination state because of the following reasons:
When a thread has finished its job, then it exists or terminates normally.
Abnormal termination: It occurs when some unusual events such as an unhandled exception
or segmentation fault.
1) Java Thread Example by extending Thread class

class Multi extends Thread{


public void run(){
System.out.println("thread is running...");
}
public static void main(String args[]){
Multi t1=new Multi();
t1.start();
}
}
2) Java Thread Example by implementing Runnable interface

class Multi3 implements Runnable{


public void run(){
System.out.println("thread is running...");
}
public static void main(String args[]){
Multi3 m1=new Multi3();
Thread t1 =new Thread(m1); // Using the constructor Thread(Runnable r)
t1.start();
}
}

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