ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF APPLIED NATURAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED BIOLOGY
Report on internship Activity By:
Kalid Jemal: (Ugr 27001/14)
Department advisor name: Dr. Kero Jemal
Supervisor in hosting Organization: Mr. Wake Abebe
Hosting Organization name: Adama Public Health Research and Referral
Laboratory Center
Internship period: two month (July 1, 2024– August 30, 2024 )
PRESENTATION ON INTERNSHIP
PROGRM AT ADAMA PUBLIC
HEALTH RESEARCH AND REFERRAL
LABORATORY CENTER
OUTLINE
 Introductionto organization
 General overview of internship

 Role and responsibilities

 Reception room

 Bacteriology lab

 Tb-lab

 Molecular lab

 Phl-lab

 Conclusion

 Future recommendation
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZTION
 Oromia Regional Healthy Bureau Adama
Public Health Research and Referral
Laboratory Center formerly known Adama
Regional Laboratory (ARL). It was established
by Oromia Regional Healthy Bureau with the
help of CDC-Ethiopia in 1995 EC, in Adama
town near Adama Hospital and Medical
College.
 Their laboratory is accredited by Ethiopian
accreditation service (EAS), for example in the tb-
lab it has three accreditation for three lab
techniques for tb diagnosis and other labs are also
accredited by EAS.
 Their vision is To be a leading and innovative

laboratory center dedicated to advancing public

health research, diagnostics, and referral services,
contributing to the improvement of healthcare
outcomes and population health in the Oromia
region.
MISSION
 To improve health and living condition of
peoples of Oromia region.
 Perform disease surveillance

 Perform reference testing.

 To maintain quality management system It

provides emergency response support

 Perform applied research and provide

training for laboratory personnel

VALUE
 The company has a passion for the safety
 The member of the company thinks and act like

“owners” at all the times

 They work and win in terms of the business

 Accountability is clear and personal

 Safety, quality, the environment, and community

are integral to the company's working lives

 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF
INTERNSHIP
 There are four distinct laboratory settings :
tuberculosis (TB) laboratory, molecular
laboratory, bacteriology laboratory , the
public health laboratory and reception room.
Each of these laboratories offered me a
unique opportunity to delve into different
aspects of public health research and
laboratory operations.
ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY
 Assisting in registering samples in reception room.
 Performing diagnostic tests for TB detection under

the supervision of experienced professionals.

 Conducting molecular biology experiments in the

molecular laboratory and analyzing data.

 Participating in the culturing and identification of

bacterial strains in the bacteriology laboratory.

 Testing the susceptibility of bacterial strains to

antibiotics and recording results.

 Learning about patient registration procedures

and sample handling protocols in the reception

room.
RECEPTION ROOM
 The reception room serves as the first point
of contact for samples coming in for various
tests and analyses, ensuring proper
documentation and handling of samples.
 One of the key components of the reception

room is the sample inspection log sheet,

where samples are registered for clinical
bacteriology, molecular lab, public health
laboratory (PHL), or tuberculosis testing.
 In addition to sample registration, I learned
about the standards for accepting and
rejecting samples. It was essential to follow
strict guidelines to maintain the integrity of
the samples and prevent any contamination.
 The reception room also housed a

refrigerator for storing samples that required

specific temperature conditions.
BACTERIOLOGY LABORATORY
 In the bacteriology laboratory, I gained extensive
knowledge and hands-on experience in
microbiology testing and analysis.
 Media preparation is a critical aspect of

bacteriology laboratory work as it provides the

necessary nutrients for bacterial growth and
identification. In the laboratory, both selective and
non-selective media are prepared to support the
growth of different types of bacteria.
 The laboratory features are an autoclave for
sterilizing equipment and media, an incubator for
maintaining optimal growth conditions for
bacteria, and a biosafety cabinet for handling
potentially hazardous materials safely.
 The main work they do is diagnosis of patients

sample from 9 specimens. these are blood,

cerebrospinal fluid, ear swab, eye, genital,
sputum, sterile fluid, stool, throat, urine and
wound.
TB-LABORATORY
 Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health issue
caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can
also affect other organs in the body. TB is
transmitted through the air when an infected
individual coughs or sneezes, making it highly
contagious.
 The Adama Public Health Research and Referral

Laboratory Center utilizes various laboratory

techniques for the diagnosis of TB. These
techniques include Genexpert, Acid-Fast Bacilli
(AFB) microscopy, and culture methods.
 Genexpert is a molecular diagnostic technique
that detects the presence of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis DNA in clinical samples. The
Genexpert system consists of a four-module
system that automates the process of DNA
extraction, amplification, and detection. The test
is based on real-time polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) technology, providing rapid and accurate
results.
 Genexpert is known for its high sensitivity and

specificity in detecting TB and drug resistance

mutations. The technique is particularly useful in
diagnosing TB in patients with HIV co-infection or
extrapulmonary TB.
 AFB microscopy is a simple and cost-effective
technique used for the direct detection of acid-fast
bacilli in sputum samples. Acid-fast staining
differentiates mycobacteria from other bacteria
based on their cell wall composition. The stained
slides are examined under a microscope, and
acid-fast bacilli appear as red, rod-shaped
structures.
 The culture method involves the growth of

Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a controlled

laboratory environment to confirm the presence of
the bacteria and determine drug susceptibility.
MOLECULAR LABORATORY

 The laboratory utilizes the Abbott RealTime

HIV-1 PCR machine, which is capable of
processing 96 samples simultaneously. Each
run includes three control samples: one for
negative, and one for positive and one for
neutral testing. This machine plays a crucial
role in conducting quantitative viral load
tests for various infectious diseases,
including HIV-1.
 The laboratory conducts molecular tests that
involve analyzing RNA-based samples to detect
and quantify viral pathogens. The Abbott
RealTime HIV-1 machine specifically targets the
RNA of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
(HIV-1) to measure the viral load in patient
samples. The process involves extracting RNA
from the patient's blood sample and then
amplifying and quantifying it using real-time
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology.
 Workflow Steps:
 1. Reagent Preparation: The first step involves
preparing five essential reagents: Microparticles,
Lysis buffer, Wash 1 buffer, Wash 2 buffer, and
Elution buffer. These reagents are crucial for
extracting and isolating RNA from patient
samples.
 2. Extraction: Following reagent preparation, RNA

extraction is performed to isolate viral RNA from

the patient's sample.
 3. Mastermix Preparation: Once the RNA is
extracted, a mastermix is prepared by
combining specific reagents and primers
necessary for PCR amplification.
 4. Detection: The final step involves running

the prepared samples through the Abbott

RealTime HIV-1 machine for detection and
quantification of viral RNA. The machine
utilizes real-time PCR technology to amplify
and measure the amount of HIV-1 RNA
present in the patient's sample.
Fig.1 Abbott Real Time Systems
PUBLICHEALTHLABORATORY(PHL)
 the public health laboratory takes various
samples from the environment, such as
water, food, and soil, were then analyzed.
The laboratory primarily focuses on
monitoring infectious diseases at the
population level and diagnosing parameters
related to physical, chemical, and biological
aspects of the samples.
Parameter Diagnosis:
 Physical Parameters: Physical parameters of the

samples are evaluated using sensing organs to

assess their visual appearance, texture, and other
physical characteristics.
 Chemical Parameters: Chemical analysis is

conducted using techniques such as atomic

absorption spectroscopy and chromatography to
determine the chemical composition of the
samples.
 Biological Parameters: Biological aspects of the

samples are assessed to identify any microbial or

biological contaminants present.
Instrumentation:
 Wagtech Instrument: The laboratory utilizes the

Wagtech instrument, which includes a pH meter

for measuring conductivity and pH levels in the
samples. The instrument also measures total
dissolved solids (TDS) based on conductivity
readings, with a threshold of 1000 indicating no
significant issues.
Fig.2 Wagtech palnitest brand
CONCLUSION
 To conclude at the Adama Public Health Research
and Referral Laboratory Center, I had the
opportunity to gain hands-on experience in
various departments, including reception,
bacteriology lab, TB-lab, molecular lab, and PHL
analysis.
 Overall, my internship at the laboratory has been

a valuable learning experience that will

undoubtedly contribute to my professional growth
in the field of public health research and
laboratory practices.
FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS
 Based on my internship experience at the Adama
Public Health Research and Referral Laboratory
Center, I recommend implementing regular
training sessions for staff members to enhance
their knowledge and skills. Continuous education
and training will ensure that all staff members are
proficient in using advanced technologies like the
Abbott RealTime HIV-1 machine.