UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

MASTER OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

PYTHON PROGRAMMING
24CAH-606

DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

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 Matplotlib
• Matplotlib is one of the most popular Python packages used for data visualization.
• It is a cross-platform library for making 2D plots from data in arrays.
• Matplotlib was created by John D. Hunter.

• Matplotlib is open source and use it freely.

• Matplotlib is mostly written in python, a few segments are written in C,
Objective-C and Javascript for Platform compatibility.
• Matplotlib has a procedural interface named the Pylab, which is designed to
resemble MATLAB, a proprietary programming language developed by
MathWorks. Matplotlib along with NumPy can be considered as the open source
equivalent of MATLAB.

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 Matplotlib
• Matplotlib Pyplot

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 Matplotlib
• Plotting Without Line

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Matplotlib

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 Matplotlib

• You can use the keyword argument marker to emphasize each point
with a specified marker.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = 'o')
plt.show()

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 Matplotlib
• Default X-Points :If we do not specify the points in the x-axis, they will get the
default values 0, 1, 2, 3, (etc. depending on the length of the y-points).

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 Matplotlib
• Line Properties: There are the following line properties:
• linestyle
• Color
• linewidth
• marker
• ms(marker size)
• mfc(marker color)
• title
• xlabel
• ylabel
• grid 8
 Matplotlib

Format Strings fmt

You can also use the shortcut string notation parameter to specify the marker.
This parameter is also called fmt, and is written with this syntax:
marker|line|color
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, 'o:r')
plt.show()
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 Matplotlib

Marker Size
Example : Set the size of the markers to 20:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = 'o', ms = 20)
plt.show()

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 Matplotlib

Marker Color
You can use the keyword argument markeredgecolor or the shorter mec to set
the color of the edge of the markers:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = 'o', ms = 20, mec = 'r')
plt.show()

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 Matplotlib

You can use the keyword argument markerfacecolor or the shorter mfc to set
the color inside the edge of the markers.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, marker = 'o', ms = 20, mfc = 'r')
plt.show()

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 Matplotlib
• Linestyle

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 Matplotlib
• Linestyle

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 Line Color

You can use the keyword argument color or the shorter c to set the
color of the line:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, color = 'r')
plt.show()

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 Line Width

You can use the keyword argument linewidth or the shorter lw to

change the width of the line.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, linewidth = '20.5')
plt.show()

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 Multiple Lines

You can plot as many lines as you like by simply adding more plt.plot()
functions:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
y1 = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
y2 = np.array([6, 2, 7, 11])
plt.plot(y1)
plt.plot(y2)
plt.show()
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Matplotlib Labels and Title

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 Set Font Properties for Title and Labels

Set Font Properties for Title and Labels

You can use the fontdict parameter in xlabel(), ylabel(), and title()
to set font properties for the title and labels.
Position the Title
You can use the loc parameter in title() to position the title.
Legal values are: 'left', 'right', and 'center'. Default value is 'center'.

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 Set Font Properties for Title and Labels
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.array([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y = np.array([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])
font1 = {'family':'serif','color':'blue','size':20}
font2 = {'family':'serif','color':'darkred','size':15}
plt.title("Sports Watch Data", fontdict = font1)
plt.xlabel("Average Pulse", fontdict = font2)
plt.ylabel("Calorie Burnage", fontdict = font2)
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.show()
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 Add Grid Lines to a Plot
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# X-axis values
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# Y-axis values
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
# Function to plot
plt.plot(x, y)
# Function add a legend
plt.legend(['single element'])
# function to show the plot
plt.show()
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Add Grid Lines to a Plot
You can use the axis parameter
in the grid() function to specify
which grid lines to display.

Legal values are: 'x', 'y', and

'both'. Default value is 'both'.

Example
plt.grid(axis = 'x')

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 Matplotlib
• Display Multiple Plots: The subplot() function takes three arguments that
describes the layout of the figure. The layout is organized in rows and columns,
which are represented by the first and second argument. The third argument
represents the index of the current plot.

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 Matplotlib

plt.title(“title for subplots")

You can add a title to the entire figure with the suptitle() function:
plt.suptitle(“SUPER TITLE")

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 Matplotlib
• Python Matplotlib : Types of Plots

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 Matplotlib
• Types of Plots:
• Bar Graph: A bar graph uses bars to compare data among different categories. It
is well suited when you want to measure the changes over a period of time. It can
be represented horizontally or vertically.
• Histograms: Histograms are used to show a distribution whereas a bar chart is
used to compare different entities. Histograms are useful where arrays in very
large size.
• Scatter Plot : Usually scatter plots is used to compare variables, for example,
how much one variable is affected by another variable to build a relation out of it.
The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one
variable which determines the position on the horizontal axis and the value of
other variable determines the position on the vertical axis.
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 Matplotlib
• Area Plot : Area plots are pretty much similar to the line plot. They are also
known as stack plots. These plots can be used to track changes over time for two
or more related groups that make up one whole category.
• Pie Chart: A pie chart refers to a circular graph which is broken down into
segments i.e. slices of pie. It is basically used to show the percentage or
proportional data where each slice of pie represents a category.

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 Matplotlib
• Matplotlib Scatter

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 Matplotlib Scatter
Color Each Dot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.array([5,7,8,7,2,17,2,9,4,11,12,9,6])
y = np.array([99,86,87,88,111,86,103,87,94,78,77,85,86])
colors=np.array(["red","green","blue","yellow","pink","black","orange","purple","b
eige","brown","gray","cyan","magenta"])
plt.scatter(x, y, c=colors)
plt.show()

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 Creating Bars
With Pyplot, you can use the bar() function to draw bar graphs:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.array(["A", "B", "C", "D"])

y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])

plt.bar(x,y)
plt.show()

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 Horizontal Bars
If you want the bars to be displayed horizontally instead of vertically, use the barh()
function:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.array(["A", "B", "C", "D"])

y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])

plt.barh(x, y)
plt.show()

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 Matplotlib
• Matplotlib Bars – default width is 0.8
• import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

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Matplotlib Histograms

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 Matplotlib Pie Charts

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

y = np.array([35, 25, 25, 15])

plt.pie(y)
plt.show()

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 Matplotlib Pie Charts

Labels
Add labels to the pie chart with the labels
parameter.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
y = np.array([35, 25, 25, 15])
mylabels = ["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
plt.pie(y, labels = mylabels)
plt.show()
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 Matplotlib Pie Charts

Start Angle
As mentioned the default start angle is
at the x-axis, but you can change
the start angle by specifying a
startangle parameter.
The startangle parameter is defined
with an angle in degrees, default angle is 0:

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 Matplotlib Pie Charts
Start the first wedge at 90 degrees:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
y = np.array([35, 25, 25, 15])
mylabels = ["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
plt.pie(y, labels = mylabels, startangle = 90)
plt.show()

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 Matplotlib Pie Charts
Explode
Maybe you want one of the wedges to stand out? The explode parameter allows you to do
that.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
y = np.array([35, 25, 25, 15])
mylabels = ["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
myexplode = [0.2, 0, 0, 0]
plt.pie(y, labels = mylabels, explode = myexplode)
plt.show()

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 Matplotlib Pie Charts
Colors
You can set the color of each wedge with the colors parameter.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
y = np.array([35, 25, 25, 15])
mylabels = ["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
mycolors = ["black", "hotpink", "b", "#4CAF50"]
plt.pie(y, labels = mylabels, colors = mycolors)
plt.show()

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 Matplotlib Pie Charts
Legend
To add a list of explanation for each wedge, use the legend() function:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
y = np.array([35, 25, 25, 15])
mylabels = ["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries",
"Dates"]
plt.pie(y, labels = mylabels)
plt.legend()
plt.show()

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Matplotlib Pie Charts

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 Matplotlib Area plot

An area chart is really similar to a line chart, except that the area
between the x axis and the line is filled in with color or shading. It
represents the evolution of a numeric variable.
There are 2 main ways to build an area chart with Matplotlib. In both
case it requires 2 numeric vectors of values as input.
• The fill_between() function
• The stackplot() function that is more useful for stacked area charts

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 Matplotlib Area plot

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Create data
x=range(1,6)
y=[1,4,6,8,4]
# Area plot
plt.fill_between(x, y)
plt.show()

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Matplotlib Area plot

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THANK YOU

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