Presentation PG

PRINCIPLES OF HORTICULTURE
AS. YEGNESHWARI
2 nd MSC. PB & PB
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF PLANTS
Introduction:
The method of plant multiplication in which

new plants are raised from detached
vegetative parts of plants, is called
vegtetative propagation.
Vegetative propagation is the only method in

cases where there is no viable seed
production. Many horticulyural plants are
propagated by vegetative methods.
•Vegetative propagation is carried out by the following methods
1.Cutting
2.Layering
3.Budding
4.Grafting
1.cutting :
 The propagation of plants by planting the cut
vegetative parts of plants is called cuttage. It is
a method of vegetative propagation. It is also
called cutting. The detached plant part, when
planted in the soil, grow into a new plant.
 A cutting is a cut vegetative plant part, when

planted in the
 soil, capable of developing into an entire

plant. Cuttings may be prepared from stem,
leaf or roots of the parent plant.
•Based on the plant part, from which a cutting is prepared
cutting is classified as:
o Root cuttings
o Stem cuttings
o Leaf cuttings .
Root Cuttings
• Cut segments of roots taken for planting is called root
cuttings. Raising new plants from root cuttings is a method of
vegetative propagation. It is a propagation by cuttings.
Eg. Apple, pear, plum.
• Leaf cuttings :
• Raising new plants from leaf and leaf bud cuttings is a

vege tive propagation.
•Plants with thick and fleshy leaves are propagated by leaf

cuttings.
•Eg. Begonia, Bryophyllum, Sansevieria.

Stem Cuttings:
Raising new plants from stem cuttings is a vegetative propagation. It

is a propagation by cutting.
It is most widely used method of propagation of economically

important plants.
•Based on the nature and strength of the wood,
stem cuttings are of four types, namely:
•1. Herbaceous cuttings
•2. Soft wood cuttings
•3. Semi-hard wood cuttings
•4.hard-wood cuttings
In this type, cuttings are prepared
1. Hard-wood cuttings: during dominant season from wood of
the previous season's growth.
Hard wood cuttings should be about 15

to 20cm long with 2 to 3 nodes. Cuttings
with leaves should be planted straight or Eg. Lemon, oranges, grapes.
slantingly. Most of the fruit plants are
propagated by hard wood cuttings
2. Herbaceous Stem Cuttings:
 The cuttings are prepared from
succulent herbaceous plants.
 Stem cuttings of 5 to 6 inches with

leaves are planted in the and watered
regularly. Roots develop from the cut
end in a period under proper
conditions.
 Eg. Geranium, Chrysanthemum,

 Coleus, Carnations, etc.
3.Soft-wood Cuttings:
• This type of cutting is made from

plants with flexible stem and soft
wood.
• Eg. Jasmine, Hibiscus, Mul berry, etc.
•Roots develop from the cut end. Roots

develop easier and quicker than the
other types.
•Stem cuttings are planted with or

without leaves.
The advantages of cuttings are-
1. Cuttage is a cheap and convenient method of

vegetative propagation.
2. Enormous number of plants can be propagated

quickly within a short period.
3. Pure clones of a particular race can be

propagated.
4. Cuttage is used in the propagation of

ornamental plants and fruit crops.
2. Layering: The propagation of plants by layering is called layerage.
Layering is a method of vegetative multiplication in which shoot parent
plant is allowed to develop roots while it is intact with the plant. After the
development of enough roots, the shoot is detached from the parent
plant to plant in the main field. In layering rooted branch is called a 'layer'
and it is separated from the parent plant, when enough roots are formed
to lead an independent life. The parent plant supplies the new individuals
with water, food materials like carbohydrates, proteins and hormones like
auxins.
•The layering can be divided into two
main classes, namely
⚫Ground layering
⚫Air layering.
•⚫Ground Layering
•Ground layering is a vegetative propagation where the
stems produce root in the ground media.
•Kinds of Ground Layerage The main kinds of

ground layering are-
•a. Tip layering.
•b. Simple layering .
•c. Compound layering.
•d. Trench layering.
•e. Mound layering

A. Tip layering It is a ground layering where the tips of stems are
covered with moist soil. The growing tip of stem is burried in the
soil. During the growing season, the burried stem tip grows
downward in the soil for a short distance and then bend upwards.
In due time the meristem at the tips develops roots and shoots. In
the next spring season, the young plant is detached from parent
stem and planted in a new location.
Eg. Rasp berries and Black berries.

•B. Simple layering It is a ground
layering in which the stem is bent
down and burried in the soil in
such a way that the tip remains
above the soil. In the bending
portion of the shoot, a wound is
made with a sharp knife on the
underside. The layered branches
are held firmly in position by pegs
or large stones. Watering should
be done regularly. Roots are
formed after two months at the
burried portion where the wound
was made. When sufficient
amount of roots are formed, the
rooted layer is detached from the
parent plants for planting.
C. Compound Layering Compound
layering is a ground layering. In this
method, the flexible branch is bent and
covered with soil in several places, that
they are alternately covered and
exposed over their entire length. It is
also known as 𝙨𝙚𝙧𝙥𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙚
𝙡𝙖𝙮𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜. Rooting takes place in the
burried portions of the stem and new
shoots develop on the exposed
portions of the stem. The new plants
are detached from the parent plnts for
planting.
Eg. Clematis.
D. Trench Layering Trench layering is a
ground layering, where a branch is
covered for its entire length with soil to
produce plants from all nodes or buds.
Trench layering is also known as etiolation
method. In this method, one year old
plant is bent and laid flat on the bottom of
a trench of 5 cm depth and the plant is
covered with soil. In course of time, the
burried shoots grow and develop new
shoots and roots. The rooted shoots are
detached from the parent plant and
planted in the field.
Eg. Cherry, Plum and Apple.

E. Mound Layering Mound layering is a ground
layering in which the plant is cut down to the
ground level and the cut base is covered with soil;
new plants are produced from the cut end. The
rooted shoots are detached from the parent plant
and planted in the field. Mound layering is also
known as 𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙤𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙜. It is a modification of trench
layering method. The aerial shoot is cut off at a
distance of about 5 to 10 cm above the ground-
level. New young shoots develop from the cut end.
Soil is added at intervals until the new shoots are
covered half way. Watering must be done regularly.
Rooting takes place at the base of the covered
shoots. The new plants are detached from the
parent plant and transplanted.
•Eg. Apple and pear
⚫ Air Layering
•Air layering is a vegetative propagation, where
rooting takes place in the aerial part of the plant,
covered with a rooting medium .Air layering is
also known as 𝙜𝙤𝙤𝙩𝙚𝙚 𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙧𝙘𝙤𝙩𝙩𝙖𝙜𝙚. In
this method, the stem is injured first by slicing,
notching or girdling. The injured portion is
enclosed with the rooting medium which
maintains moisture for rooting.
• 𝙎𝙥𝙝𝙖𝙜𝙣𝙪𝙢 𝙢𝙤𝙨𝙨 is used as the rooting medium.

Rooting takes place above the girdle or on the upper
portion of the cut end of a ring. Eg. Guava, Crotons, Ixara,
Ficus, etc
•Air layering is done in spring or
early summer. It involves the
following:
• steps:
1. A branch with pencil thickness is
selected from the mother plant.
2. At 30-40cm from tip of the branch,

the stem is girdled for 2.5-3,0cm to induce
the formation of adventitious roots.
3. 𝙇𝙖𝙣𝙤𝙡𝙞𝙣 paste containing 1000-

2000ppm IBA is smeared to the distal
portion of the girdle for inducing rooting
from it.
4. A polythene tube of 10cm
diameter is tied 2.5cm below
the girdle.
5. The tube is filled with a

rooting medium (moist
sphagnum moss or vermiculite
or peat).
6. The filled polythene tube is

tied above the girdled portion.
7. The layer is cared properly and viewed for root
formation through the transparent tube. Generally,
layers take 45-90 days to produce enough roots.
8. After rooting, a half cut is given just below the layer

and the next half cut is given in the same place 15 days
after the first cutting. As a result, the layer gets
detached from the mother plant.
9. The layer is planted in a pot or polybag filled with pot

mixture and the container is kept is a partial shade.
10. The layer is watered regularly till it
establishes well in the pot or polybag.
11. Established layer is planted in the main

field as has been done with seedlings
 Advantages of Layering
1. Layering is easy to perform.
2. Rooting takes place certainly.
3. Plants that cannot be propagated by cuttings can

be raised by layering.
4. Layering does not involve the utilization of costly

implements.
Disadvantages of Layering :
1. Layering can be practised to plants

which produce low-lying branches.
2. The number of new plants produced

from a mother plant is low as compared
to cuttings.
3. The after care of layers is essential

which requires daily watering.
4. Special provisions have to be made for

constant watering of the layered shoots at
high level.
Thank you

Presentation PG

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Presentation PG

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Presentation PG

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PRINCIPLES OF HORTICULTURE

The method of plant multiplication in which

Vegetative propagation is the only method in

 A cutting is a cut vegetative plant part, when

 soil, capable of developing into an entire

• Raising new plants from leaf and leaf bud cuttings is a

•Plants with thick and fleshy leaves are propagated by leaf

•Eg. Begonia, Bryophyllum, Sansevieria.

Raising new plants from stem cuttings is a vegetative propagation. It

It is most widely used method of propagation of economically

•1. Herbaceous cuttings

•2. Soft wood cuttings

•3. Semi-hard wood cuttings

Hard wood cuttings should be about 15

 Stem cuttings of 5 to 6 inches with

 Eg. Geranium, Chrysanthemum,

• This type of cutting is made from

• Eg. Jasmine, Hibiscus, Mul berry, etc.

•Roots develop from the cut end. Roots

•Stem cuttings are planted with or

1. Cuttage is a cheap and convenient method of

2. Enormous number of plants can be propagated

3. Pure clones of a particular race can be

4. Cuttage is used in the propagation of

•Kinds of Ground Layerage The main kinds of

•a. Tip layering.

•b. Simple layering .

•c. Compound layering.

•d. Trench layering.

•e. Mound layering

Eg. Rasp berries and Black berries.

Eg. Cherry, Plum and Apple.

• 𝙎𝙥𝙝𝙖𝙜𝙣𝙪𝙢 𝙢𝙤𝙨𝙨 is used as the rooting medium.

2. At 30-40cm from tip of the branch,

3. 𝙇𝙖𝙣𝙤𝙡𝙞𝙣 paste containing 1000-

5. The tube is filled with a

6. The filled polythene tube is

8. After rooting, a half cut is given just below the layer

9. The layer is planted in a pot or polybag filled with pot

11. Established layer is planted in the main

2. Rooting takes place certainly.

3. Plants that cannot be propagated by cuttings can

4. Layering does not involve the utilization of costly

1. Layering can be practised to plants

2. The number of new plants produced

3. The after care of layers is essential

4. Special provisions have to be made for

You might also like