COMPARING QUANTITIES@ Class8 - Abhijeet Singh Gureniya

COMPARING
QUANTITIES
CONTENTS
 Learning Outcomes
 Recalling Ratios and Percentages
 Percentage Increase or Decrease
 Discount
 Formulae with discount
 Cost price & Selling price
 Profit & loss
 Sales tax & Value added tax(VAT)
 Simple Interest & Compound Interest
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Understands and Skills to use ratios and percentages to compare the
quantities.
Links with real life influenced fully with money transaction ,comparing
savings and percentages.
Applies the concepts to solve problems from different spheres using the
concepts in own ways.
Finds problems and solves for which simple and compound interest
applies.
RECALLING RATIOS AND
PERCENTAGES
 RATIO
Ratio means comparing two or more than two quantities.
 Example : A Basket has two types of fruits ,we can say 25 Mangoes and 5
Oranges.
Then, the ratio of the number of Oranges to the number of Mangoes
= 5: 25.
The comparison can be done by using fractions as, 5/25 = 1/5.
The number of Oranges are 1/5 th the number of Mangoes.
In terms of ratio, this is 1:5 , read as , ‘ 1 is to 5’.
 NOTE : While finding the ratio of two quantities , the quantities must be in
the same unit.
EXAMPLE
 Find the ratio :
1)Speed of a cycle 15 km per hour to the speed of the scooter 30 km per
hour.
• Solution : Ratio = = = or 1:2 .
2) 75 paise to Rs. 3.
• Solution : Rs 3 = 3 x 100 paise = 300 paise
ratio = or 1:4 .
PERCENT
• The word percent symbolically written as % ,means in every 100
or per hundred.
• To change a percentage to a fraction , write it as a fraction with a

denominator 100 and simplify if possible .
• To change it to a decimal , change the fraction so obtained to a
decimal.
• To change fractions and decimals to percentage , multiply by 100.

EXAMPLE
• A basket has two types of fruits say 20 apples and 5 oranges.
find the percentage of oranges?
• Solution :
Total no. of fruits = 20+5 =25
There are 5 oranges out of 25 fruits.
so percentage of oranges = = 20 %
[denominator made 100]
PERCENTAGE INCREASE OR
DECREASE
# Percent increase:
To increase a quantity by a percentage , find the percentage of the quantity and
add it to the original quantity.
# Percent decrease :
To decrease a quantity by a percentage , find the percentage of the quantity and
subtract it from the original quantity.
We often come across such information in our daily life as :-

 25% off on marked prices .
 10% hike in the price of petrol.
EXAMPLE
• The price of a bike was Rs. 35,000 before 2 years . It has
increased by 10% this year, what is the price now?
• Solution : Given,
Price of a bike before 2 years = 35,000
We know that ,
Increased price = 10% of 35,000 = = 3500
The present price= Old price + increased amount = 35000 +3500
=Rs. 38,500
DISCOUNT
• Discount is a reduction given on the Marked Price (MP) of the article.
• This is given to attract customers to buy goods or to promote sales of the
goods.
Discount = Marked price (MP) – Sale price (SP)
 A discount is, in fact , a percentage decrease , because the amount of
change or discount is compared with the initial price or marked price .
You can also find discount when

discount % is given.
EXAMPLE
• An item marked at Rs 840 is sold for Rs 714. What is the discount
and discount %?
• Solution : Discount = Marked price – Sale price
= Rs 840- Rs714 = Rs 126.
%Discount =
FORMULAE WITH DISCOUNT
GIVEN
 % Discount =
 S.P = M.P X ( 100 – Discount%)

100
 M.P = 100 X S.P

100-Discount %
COST PRICE & SELLING PRICE
 Cost price (CP) : The amount for which an article is bought.
 Selling price (SP) : The amount for which an article is sold.
• Additional expenses made after buying an article are included in the cost
price and are known as overhead expenses.
These may include expenses like amount spent on repairs , labour
charges , transportation , etc.
CP = Buying price + Overhead expenses.
PROFIT
• If selling price is greater than cost price i.e, SPCP then there is a profit.
• Profit is calculated by subtracting cost price from selling price.
 Profit = Selling price – Cost price.
% Profit = x 100
LOSS
• If cost price is greater than selling price i.e, CP>SP then there is a loss.
• Loss is calculated by subtracting selling price from cost price.
 Loss = Cost price – Selling price
%Loss = x 100
EXAMPLE
• Ram bought a second hand refrigerator for Rs 2,500 , then spent
Rs 500 on its repairs and sold it for Rs 3,300.Find his loss or gain
percent.
• Solution : Cost price(CP)= Rs 2500 + Rs 500 = Rs 3000
Sale price (SP) = Rs. 3300
Here, SP>CP
so, he made a profit =Rs3300 – Rs3000=Rs300
Profit = =
SALES TAX / VALUE ADDED
TAX
• Sales tax is charged on the sale of an item by the government
and is added to the Bill Amount.
Sales Tax = Tax% of Bill Amount
• It is collected by the shopkeeper from the customer and given to the
government.
• This is, therefore always on the selling price of an item and is added to
the value of the bill. These days however, the prices include the tax
known as Value Added Tax (VAT).
EXAMPLE
• The cost of a pair of roller skates at a shop was Rs 450. The sales
tax charged was 5% .Find the bill amount.
• Solution : On Rs 100, the tax paid was Rs 5.
On Rs 450, the tax paid would be = Rs X 450
= Rs 22.50
Bill amount = Cost of item + Sales tax = Rs 450 + Rs 22.50
= Rs. 472.50
SIMPLE INTEREST
• If the principal remains the same for the entire loan period , then the
interest paid is called Simple Interest.
• Interest is the extra money paid by institutions like banks or post offices
on money deposited (kept) with them. Interest is also paid by people
when they borrow money.
Simple Interest (SI) =

Here, P = Principal value , R = Rate , T= Time
EXAMPLE
• A sum of Rs 10,000 is borrowed at a rate of interest 15% per
annum for 2 years. Find the simple interest.
• Solution : Here, P= 10,000
R= 15%
T= 2 years
simple interest = = = 3000
SI = Rs 3000.
COMPOUND INTEREST
• Compound interest is the interest calculated on the previous
year’s amount (A =P+I).
1) Amount when interest is compounded annually

= P= principal , R= rate , n = time period.
2) Amount when interest is compounded half yearly
= { R/2 is half yearly rate & 2n = number of half –years}
Compound Interest (CI) = Amount – Principal

EXAMPLE
• Find CI on Rs 12600 for 2 years at 10% per annum compounded
annually.
• Solution : Given, P= Rs 12600 , R=10% per annum , T= 2 years
we have, A = P
= 12600 = 12600
= 12600 x x = 15246
CI =A-P= 15246 – 12600 = Rs 2646.
EXAMPLE
• What amount is to be repaid on a loan of Rs 12000 for at 10%
per annum compounded half yearly.
• Solution : Principal for first 6 months = Rs 12,000
Rate= 10% , Time = years
Amount when interest is compounded half yearly.
= P = 12000 = 12000 x
=Rs 13,891.50
APPLICATIONS OF COMPOUND
INTEREST FORMULA
 Increase (or decrease) in population .
 The growth of a bacteria if the rate of growth is known.
 The value of an item , if its price increases or decreases in the

intermediate years.
There are many situations where we could use the formula for
calculation of amount in CI.
THANK YOU!

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COMPARING

• To change a percentage to a fraction , write it as a fraction with a

• To change fractions and decimals to percentage , multiply by 100.

We often come across such information in our daily life as :-

You can also find discount when

 S.P = M.P X ( 100 – Discount%)

 M.P = 100 X S.P

 Selling price (SP) : The amount for which an article is sold.

 Profit = Selling price – Cost price.

 Loss = Cost price – Selling price

Simple Interest (SI) =

1) Amount when interest is compounded annually

Compound Interest (CI) = Amount – Principal

 The growth of a bacteria if the rate of growth is known.

 The value of an item , if its price increases or decreases in the

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