BASIC PRINCIPLES IN BUILDING

CONVEYING SYSTEM
 WHAT IS BUILDING CONVEYING SYSTEM?

The word ‘convey’ simply means to transport, deliver, or carry to

another place.
Conveying Systems are
essential for the efficient
movement of goods, materials,
or people between different
parts of the building or
structure. These systems are
crucial in ensuring smooth
operations within different
types buildings such as offices,
warehouses, shopping malls,
 IMPORTANCE OF BUILDING CONVEYING
SYSTEM
• Increases efficiency and saves time
and effort
• Improves safety in workplace

• Increases productivity

• Reduces cost

• Customization

• Versatility

• Environmental Sustainability
 TYPES OF CONVEYING SYSTEMS

1. ELEVATOR

An elevator or lift is a vertical

transport vehicle that efficiently
moves people or goods between
floors of a building, ship or
other structure. They are
generally powered by electric
motors that either drive traction
cables and counterweight
systems, or pump hydraulic fluid
to raise a cylindrical piston.
 TYPES OF ELEVATOR

A. PASSENGER ELEVATOR

Passenger Elevator is any elevator

intended for the transport of
people through a building. These
elevators can vary drastically in
terms of size, speed and interior
options depending on the use of
the elevator.
 TYPES OF ELEVATOR

B. SERVICE ELEVATOR

Service Elevator is found in many

commercial buildings and is
intended for the transport of
goods through the buildings by
employees, such as the
housekeeping staff moving
cleaning carts through a hotel.
Service elevators are also used in
hospitals for the transport of
 TYPES OF ELEVATOR

C. FREIGHT ELEVATOR

Freight Elevator is intended to

move very heavy loads, such as
cars or cargo in industrial
buildings. These elevators are
not intended for passenger
transport and are designed to
withstand tougher working
conditions, which is why their
interiors are focused on robust
design, with heavy steel walls
 TYPES OF ELEVATOR

D. DUMBWAITER

Dumbwaiter is a small freight

elevator. It is often used for the
transport of food in restaurants.
However, they can be found in
both commercial, public and
private buildings.
 TYPES OF ELEVATOR

E. STAGE LIFT

Stage Lift is used for controlling

the height of the floor. It could be
a stage in a shopping center, a
performance stage or even the
audience seating areas on the
theatre floor. You can then raise
the stage, lower it or even level
it so that it is leveled with the
floor.
 TYPES OF ELEVATOR

F. VEHICLE ELEVATOR

Vehicle Elevator is typically found

in a garage or at a manufacturing
center. These hydraulic lifts make
a building more accessible to a
driver. Some even rotate so that
the driver only has to move
forward and never reverse.
 TYPES OF ELEVATOR

G. BOAT LIFT

Boat Lifts are elevators that occasionally

found in canals and are used as an
alternative to the typical lock system,
which raises and lowers water levels. A
boat lift physically moves the boat
instead.
H. AIRCRAFT ELEVATOR

Aircraft Elevator can refer to an elevator that lifts an

aircraft or an elevator located within an aircraft. An
elevator for an aircraft lifts the plane from the flight deck
to the hangar. An elevator within an aircraft lifts flight
attendants with food and beverage trolleys between levels
on double-decker planes.
 ELEVATOR HOIST SYSTEM

HOIST - is a machine that uses fixed and

movable pulleys and a cable or chain
attached to the elevator for moving
goods, people, and loads from different
floors of a building.
HOIST WAY – is a shaft built to allow an
elevator to move between the floors of a
building. It will allow room for
equipment that accesses doors to open
or close. It will generally have strategic
access points for the safety of riders in
the event of a mechanical error or
failure.
 TYPES OF ELEVATOR HOIST SYSTEM

A. HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR HOIST

SYSTEM

This type of hoist system is

usually only used in low-rise
buildings, typically up to six
stories high or to transport
extremely heavy loads. Hydraulic
elevators are lifted by pistons
from below.
 TYPES OF ELEVATOR HOIST SYSTEM

B. TRACTION ELEVATOR HOIST SYSTEM

This type of elevator hoist system operates via a pulley

system, using steel ropes or belts and a counterweight to
move the cabin up and down. It is typically more energy
efficient and provide a smoother and quieter ride for
passengers.
Gearless Traction elevators are the more advanced
solution, with a wheel attached directly to the motor and
counterweights are used to operate the hoisting system.

Geared Traction uses a gearbox to turn the hoisting

sheave and lift the elevator. These systems are typically
slower than gearless systems.
 TYPES OF CONVEYING SYSTEMS

2. ESCALATOR

Escalators are mechanical devices

used for transporting people
vertically between
different levels of buildings.
Typically, they take the form of a
moving staircase, consisting of a
'chain' of single-
piece aluminum or stainless
steel steps guided by a system of
 TYPES OF ESCALATOR

A. PARALLEL ESCALATOR

Parallel escalators are those types

of escalators which face in the
same direction. These escalators
use more floor space as compared
to the other arrangements of
escalators which is found having
an impressive appearance. On the
other side, it is found that these
are less efficient and more
expensive as compared to other
 TYPES OF ESCALATOR

B. SPIRAL PARALLEL ESCALATOR

Spiral Parallel Escalators are the arrangement

which forces the users to walk around as these as
these are installed at places which has a too long
walking area. The facility of walking around staves
off the user from being annoyed.
C. MULTIPLE PARALLEL ESCALATOR

Multiple Parallel Escalators are those escalators which

together travel in a single direction next to one or two
escalators in the same space that travels in the other
direction. It is mandatory to have a moving handrail in
this kind escalator which keeps the pace with the
 TYPES OF ESCALATOR

D. CRISSCROSS ESCALATOR

Crisscross Escalators are the most popular

arrangements of escalators which places the
entrance and exit to its upper and lower end at
the opposite end of the escalator. This
arrangement is particularly known as crisscross
arrangement or crisscross escalators. These
escalators are commonly known as they can be
installed in a comparatively less price and take up
a very minimum amount of floor space with lowest
structural requirements.
 TYPES OF ESCALATOR

E. CURVED ESCALATOR

Curved Escalator is the one which

is designed in a special manner
including curved or helical shape
with curved steps. This escalator
is curved either to the left side or
to the right side. These escalators
are mostly those which are used at
places where the steps need to be
connected with the help of any
 TYPES OF ESCALATOR

F. WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE ESCALATOR

Wheelchair Accessible Escalators are those

escalators which have an attendant in case
if someone in a wheelchair is in need to use
the escalator, it will get stopped. These
types of escalators are designed to let the
patients or the wheel chair user face
convenience while travelling. Once the
wheelchair boards the escalator, it
automatically gets switched to a special
mode. Three consequent steps will level out
in order to make a platform.
 TYPES OF CONVEYING SYSTEMS

3. CONVEYOR SYSTEM

A conveyor system is a fast and efficient

mechanical handling apparatus for
automatically transporting loads and
materials within an area. This system
minimizes human error, lowers workplace
risks and reduces labor costs — among
other benefits. They are useful in helping
to move bulky or heavy items from one
point to another. A conveyor system may
use a belt, wheels, rollers, or a chain to
transport objects.
 TYPES OF CONVEYORS

A. BELT CONVEYORS

Belt Conveyors are perhaps the

most well-known type of conveying
system. They consist of a belt
made of various materials that
move along two or more pulleys.
Belt conveyors are often used to
move a good amount of goods over
long distances, making them ideal
for mining and quarrying
 TYPES OF CONVEYORS

B. SCREW CONVEYORS

Screw Conveyors use a rotating

screw to move materials along a
trough or tube. They typically move
bulk materials, such as grains or
powders, over short distances.
 TYPES OF CONVEYORS

C. ROLLER CONVEYORS

Roller Conveyors use a series of

rollers to move materials along a
flat surface. They are usable in
manufacturing applications, such
as assembly lines, where there is a
need for goods to move from one
station to another.
 TYPES OF CONVEYORS

D. PNEUMATIC CONVEYORS

Pneumatic Conveyors use air

pressure to transport materials
through pipelines. Their frequent
use occurs when moving materials
over great distances or to hard-to-
reach areas.
 FUNCTIONS OF CONVEYING SYSTEMS

ELEVATORS

 Facilitate vertical transport of

people and goods

 Essential for high-rise building

especially during busy times
 FUNCTIONS OF CONVEYING SYSTEMS

ESCALATORS

 Enable continuous movement

between floors of a building

 Ideal for areas with high foot

traffic like malls, and airports
 FUNCTIONS OF CONVEYING SYSTEMS

CONVEYORS

 Automate material handling in

factories and warehouses

 Improve efficiency by moving

items along production lines
 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR
CONVEYING SYSTEMS
1. CAPACITY

 Ensure the system can handle the expected load,

whether passengers or goods

2. SPEED

 Balance efficiency with safety by selecting the right

operational speed
3. DURABILITY

 Choose materials and components that can withstand

 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR
CONVEYING SYSTEMS

4. SPACE

 Allocate sufficient space for installation, safe operation,

and maintenance access

5. ADAPTABILITY

 Ensure the system can accommodate future expansions

or changes
 KEY PRINCIPLES IN BUILDING
CONVEYING SYSTEMS
1. CAPACITY AND THROUGHOUT

 Make sure that the system will accommodate enough

materials or products to increase it’s capacity as needed. What
matters is how load varies, as well as the difference between
the peak and average loads.
2. MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS

 Get to know some characteristics of materials to be conveyed such

as the bulk density, particle size, and moisture content. Based on
these characteristics, design the system in such a way that can work
well to manage them.
 KEY PRINCIPLES IN BUILDING
CONVEYING SYSTEMS
3. SYSTEM LAYOUT

 Model has to ensure that as much material as possible is organized

in a way that it will have to travel the least.
 Organize the changes to occur with as little impact on other systems
of the organization as possible.

4. ENERGY EFFICIENCY

 Choose energy efficient parts and drive systems to help cut on

expenses needed to run the machines.
 It is advisable to put in place control measures in order to enhance
on energy consumption
 KEY PRINCIPLES IN BUILDING
CONVEYING SYSTEMS
5. MAINTENANCE AND RELIABILITY

 Make easy assembly and disassembly so that it may not require

frequent maintenance hence causing a lot of time.
 Select the right parts and materials to use to gear toward maximum
durability and avoid frequent breakdowns.

6. SAFETY COMPLIANCE

 Make sure the system possesses all the necessary safety standards
and regulation as per the legal requirements .
 Some of the safety measures that should be installed include,
emergency stops and protective barriers
 KEY PRINCIPLES IN BUILDING
CONVEYING SYSTEMS

7. FLEXIBILITY AND SCALABILITY

 Be prepared for any future changes on expansion of the

system or modifications on the system.

 Make the system so friendly that it can allow change in the

material or process requirement in the future.
 CONCLUSION

Conveying Systems are an essential part of modern industry,

and they play a critical role in transporting people, goods
and materials across various applications. Conveying
systems offer a reliable and efficient means of moving people
or materials from one point to another. Conveying systems
have many advantages that can advance industry, from
raising output and efficiency to lowering costs and enhancing
sustainability. With a wide range of systems available,
including elevators, escalators or conveyors, it is easy to find
a conveying system that meets the unique needs of your
application. Whether you want to increase efficiency,
improve safety, reduce costs, or enhance sustainability, a
 REFERENCES

• https://ch-s.com.au/the-importance-of-conveying-systems-in-industry/
• https://www.schindler.ph/en/media/news-press-releases/four-main-types-of-elevators.html
• https://www.elevators.com/types-elevators-used/
• https://actionelevator.com/blog/what-is-an-elevator-hoistway/
• https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Escalator1.jpg
• https://engineeringlearn.com/types-of-escalator/
• https://6river.com/what-is-a-conveyor-system/