RIZAL LIFE:

Exile, Trial and Death

• Rizal arrived in Manila • Together, they founded La
on June 26, 1892. Liga Filipina (The
• He was welcomed by key Filipino League).
figures including: • A meeting to discuss the
• Apolinario Mabini plan for La Liga Filipina
• Andres Bonifacio was held in a house on
• Ambrosio Salvador Calle Ylaya.
• Pedro Serrano • Rizal met with Governor-
Laktaw General Despujol in July
• Deodato Arellano 1892 to express his
• Other patriots gratitude for lifting the
exile order on his
sisters.
RIZAL’S EXILE IN DAPITAN
• Dapitan, a remote town in • Engaged in his talents
Mindanao, served as a like sculpture, painting,
Spanish outpost. sketching, and writing
• Rizal arrived in Dapitan in poetry.
July 1896. • Established a school for
• He formed a close boys and introduced
relationship with Captain community projects.
Ricardo Carnicero, who
allowed Rizal to roam freely • As a gift, Rizal wrote the
in exchange for weekly poem "A Don Ricardo
reports on his activities. Carnicero" on August 26,
1892, for Captain
• During his exile, Rizal: Carnicero.
• Continued practicing
medicine and conducting
• Rizal helped the people • Rizal wrote letters to his
of Dapitan improve their friend Ferdinand
livelihood: Blumentritt, describing
• Engaged in farming
his daily activities:
and business. • He wrote poems.
• Invented wooden • Performed an operation
equipment for on his mother's eyes.
making bricks. • Studied medicinal
• On September 21,
plants in Dapitan and
1892, Rizal, Carnicero, used them to treat his
and another Spaniard patients.
won a lottery ticket.
• Rizal's share was
P6,200.
• He used part of his
winnings to buy land
in Talisay.
• Rizal became known as one
of the best
• They became husband
ophthalmologists.
• George Tauffer, who and wife, despite
had an eye ailment, opposition from Father
traveled from Hong Obach and both their
Kong to Dapitan with families.
his adopted daughter,
Josephine Bracken, to
seek Rizal's help.
• Rizal's projects in • Assisted the community in
Dapitan included: installing lamp posts at
• Creating a large map every corner of the town.
of Mindanao at the • In 1896, after the revolution
plaza for geography started in Manila:
classes. • Dr. Pio Valenzuela and
• Explaining the Raymundo Mata (a blind
position of Dapitan man) visited Rizal in
to the townspeople in Dapitan.
relation to other • They informed him about
places in Mindanao. the founding of the
• With the help of his Katipunan and its
students, he invented revolutionary plans.
a water system that
provided water for
drinking and
• From 1894 to 1895, • On July 30, 1896, Governor-
Rizal wrote letters to General Ramon Blanco
Governor-General granted Rizal's request to go
Ramon Blanco asking to Cuba.
for a review of his case. • Rizal left Manila,
• Ferdinand boarded the steamer
Blumentritt España, and on September
suggested that Rizal 3, 1896, arrived in
offer his services as a Barcelona on the steamer
surgeon to the Isla de Panay.
Spanish government in • However, upon arrival,
Cuba, which was Governor- General
suffering from a Despujol informed him
yellow fever that he had been ordered
epidemic. to return to Manila.
• Cuba was a colony of
Rizal's Arrest and
Imprisonment:
• Rizal was arrested • A preliminary five-day
during his trip in the investigation began, accusing
Mediterranean Sea. Rizal of leading the revolution by
• He was imprisoned in promoting rebellious ideas and
Barcelona, Spain, then forming illegal organizations.
brought back to the • Rizal was not allowed to
Philippines. interrogate witnesses and was
• Rizal arrived in Manila only given the option to choose a
TrialonofNovember
Rizal 3, 1896, lawyer from a list of young
was imprisoned Spanish officers with no legal
• and
On November at
20, 1896,
Fort Santiago. background.
Colonel Francisco • He chose Lt. Luis Taviel de
Olive, a Spanish
Andrade, who had been his
military tribunal
bodyguard during his earlier
advocate, was assigned
return to the Philippines.
to summon Rizal.
 • Two types of evidence
3. Without his consent, the
were presented against
Katipunan used his name as one
him:
of the passwords.
• Documentary: 15
4. If he was guilty, he could have
documents used as
left the country while in exile; he
evidence.
would not have built a home, and
• Testimonial:
• Despite Lt. Taviel10de
would not have bought a parcel
witnesses
Andrade's presented
defense, of land to put up a hospital in
against
NoteRizal was
that Rizal.
found
Rizal guilty.
cited twelve Dapitan.
points to prove his 5. The revolutionists could have
innocence:
1. Rizal was against rebellion consulted him if he was the
as testified by Pio leader.
Valenzuela. 6. He did not deny that he wrote the
2. No letter consisting of by-laws of the Liga Filpina, but to
revolutionary elements was make things clear, it is a different
addressed to the Katipunan organization from Katipunan. The
was written. former being a civic association
 11. He lived a good life in Dapitan
7. After the first meeting of the - the politico military
Liga, the association banished commander and missionary
because of his exile in priest in the province could
Dapitan and it did not last attest to it.
long. 12.The witnesses said that if the
8. He had no idea, that the Liga speech delivered at Doroteo
was reorganized nine months Ongjunco's house had inspired
after. the revolution, he should be
9. If the Liga had a revolutionary given a chance to confront
purpose, then Katipunan these persons. If he was in the
should not have been revolution, the Katipunan
founded. should not have sent an
10.If the Spanish authorities unfamiliar emissary to him in
found his letters offending, it Dapitan. For this, his friends
was because in 1890, his knew that he never promoted
family has been persecuted.
Rizal's Remaining Days and
Last Farewell • Rizal was reportedly not
• December 29, 1896: allowed to embrace his
• Captain Rafael mother during their visit.
Dominguez informed Rizal • Rizal's Last Letter and
at 6:00 AM of his Poem:
scheduled execution. • He wrote his last letter to
• Rizal spent his last hours in his friend Ferdinand
the prison chapel. Blumentritt.
• His mother and sisters • Rizal's final poem, "Mi
visited him. Ultimo Adios" (My Last
• Rizal gave them his Farewell), reflected his
remaining possessions, thoughts on his love for the
including a gas lamp to his country and his acceptance
sister Trinidad, with the of his impending death.
whispered words, “There
is something inside”.
My Last Farewell
Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime of I die just when I see the dawn break,
the sun caress'd Through the gloom of night, to herald
Pearl of the Orient seas, our Eden the day;
lost!, And if color is lacking my blood thou
Gladly now I go to give thee this shalt take,
faded life's best, Pour'd out at need for thy dear sake
And were it brighter, fresher, or more To dye with its crimson the waking ray.
blest My dreams, when life first opened to
Still would i give it thee, nor count me,
the cost. My dreams, when the hopes of youth
On the field of battle, 'mid the frenzy beat high,
of fight, Were to see thy lov'd face, O gem of
Others have given their lives, without the Orient sea
doubt or heed; From gloom and grief, from care and
The place matters not-cypress or sorrow free;
laurel or lily white, No blush on thy brow, no tear in thine
Scaffold or open plain, combat or eye.
martyrdom's plight, Dream of my life, my living and
burning desire,
If over my grave some day thou seest
grow, Pray for all those that hapless have died,
In the grassy sod, a humble flower, For all who have suffered the unmeasur’d
Draw it to thy lips and kiss my soul so, pain;
While I may feel on my brow in the For our mothers that bitterly their woes
cold tomb below have cried,
The touch of thy tenderness, thy For widows and orphans, for captives by
breath's warm power. torture tried
Let the moon beam over me soft and And then for thyself that redemption thou
serene, mayst gain.
Let the dawn shed over me its radiant And when the dark night wraps the
flashes, graveyard around
Let the wind with sad lament over me With only the dead in their vigil to see
keen; Break not my repose or the mystery
And if on my cross a bird should be profound
seen, And perchance thou mayst hear a sad
Let it trill there its hymn of peace to hymn resound
my ashes. T is I, O my country, raising a song unto
Let the sun draw the vapors up to the thee.
And even my grave is remembered no
Then will oblivion bring to me no care
As over thy vales and plains I sweep; Give thanks that 1 rest from the
Throbbing and cleansed in thy space wearisome day !
and air Farewell to thee, too, sweet friend
With color and light, with song and that lightened my way;
lament I fare, Beloved creatures all, farewell! In
Ever repeating the faith that I keep. death there is rest.
My Fatherland ador’d, that sadness
to my sorrow lends
Beloved Filipinas, hear now my last
good-by!
I give thee all: parents and kindred
and friends
For I go where no slave before the
oppressor bends,
Where faith can never kill, and God
reigns c’er on high!
Farewell to you all, from my soul torn
away,
• December 29, 1896, evening: He once again wrote a letter to his
• Rizal had his last supper family, sisters and brother that said:
and told Captain
Dominguez that he had To my family, I ask you for forgiveness
for the pain I cause you, but some day
forgiven his enemies. 1 shall have to die and it is better that
• At 3:00 AM on the day of 1 die now in the plentitude of my
his execution, he prayed conscience.
and confessed in the Dear parents and brothers: give
chapel. thanks to God that I may preserve my
• He ate his last breakfast at tranquility before my death. I die
5:30 AM, consisting of resigned, hoping that with my death
you will be left in peace. Ah! It is
three hard-boiled eggs. better to die than to live suffering,
• Rizal signed and distributed Console yourselves.
memorabilia, including I enjoin you to forgive one another the
religious pictures and books little meanness of life and try to live
to his family. united in peace and good harmony.
• He gave his wife, Treat your old parents as you would
like to be treated by your children
Bury me in the ground. Place a stone
My brother, if the fruit been bitter, it is
and a cross over it. My name, the date
not my fault, but the fault of
of my birth and of my death. Nothing
circumstances. I know that you have
more. If later you wish to surround my
suffered much for me, and I am sorry.
grave with a fence, you can do it. No
Assure you, brother, that i die innocent
anniversaries. I prefer Paang Bundok.
of this crime of rebellion. That my former
Have pity on poor Josephine.
writings may have contributed toward it,
My Dear Brother, It is now four and a
I cannot wholly deny; but then, I thought
half years since we have seen one
i had expiated for the pass in my
another, or have we exchanged letters.
deportation. Tell our father that i
This I think is not because of any lack
remember him, and how much! i
of love on my part or yours, but
remember his affection and his love
because, knowing one another so well,
since my earliest childhood. Ask him to
we do not need to talk in order to be
forgive me for the pain 1 have
understood by one another.
unwillingly caused him.
Now I am about to die, and to you I
dedicate my last line, to tell you how
sorry – am to leave you alone in this
(Signed)
life, burdened with the weight of the
family and of our old parents. I am
Last Letter to Family:
• Rizal wrote to his family asking for • December 30, 1896, 6:30
forgiveness for the pain caused AM:
by his impending death, and • Rizal wore a black suit,
expressed his desire for family black pants, black
unity and peace. bowler hat, and white
• He asked to be buried with a shirt with his arms tied
simple cross and stone at Paang behind his back.
Bundok, and requested no • He walked to
anniversaries. Bagumbayan (now
• Rizal expressed pity for Luneta), accompanied by
Josephine and gratitude to his his defense lawyer, Lt.
brother Paciano for the Luis Taviel de Andrade,
sacrifices made for his education. and two Jesuit priests.
• He asserted his innocence in the • Armed soldiers
rebellion, though acknowledging surrounded him during
• A trumpet signaled the start
of the death march, with
drums providing the
background sound.

• People lined the streets,

with some showing
sympathy and others,
especially Spaniards, eager
to witness his execution.