Asian

Regionalism
 OBJECTIVES

➢ Objectives:
➢ Differentiate between regionalization and
globalization
➢ Identify the factors leading to a greater
integration of the Asian region
➢ Analyze how different Asian states confront
the challenges of globalization and
regionalization
 What is regionalization?
➢ The process of dividing an area into
smaller segments called regions.
➢ Division of a nation into states or
provinces.
➢ In the economic context,
regionalization is a management tool
 What is regionalism?
➢ The development of political and economic
systems based on loyalty to distinct geographic
regions.
➢ Regionalism often results in formal political or
economic arrangements between groups of
countries intended to achieve common goals.
➢ Regional organizations will always prefer
regional partners over the rest of the world.
 What is globalization?

➢ The expansion and intensification of social

relations and consciousness across world-space
and world-time.
➢ describes the growing interdependence of the
world’s economies, cultures, and populations,
brought about by cross-border trade in goods and
services, technology, and flows of investment,
people, and information.
 “
The
differences
between
regionalizatio
n and
globalization
 Globalization Regionalization

Promotes integration Divides an area

NATURE of economies across into smaller
state borders all segments
around the world
 Globalization Regionalization

Allows many Monopolies are more

MARKET corporations to trade likely to develop.
on international level; Monopoly means one
it allows free market producer controls
supply of a good or
service, and where
the entry of new
producers is
prevented or highly
restricted.
 Globalization Regionalization
Acceleration to Does not support
multiculturalism multiculturalism
CULTURAL & through free
SOCIETAL movement of people
RELATIONS
 Globalization Regionalization
AID Globalized A regionalized area
international does not get
communities are involved in the
more willing to aid affairs of other areas
countries stricken by
disasters
 Globalization Regionalization
TECHNOLOGICAL Globalization has Advanced
ADVANCES
driven great technology is
advances in rarely available
technology in one country or
region.
 Regional
integratio
n
is the process by which two or
more nation-states agree to co-
operate and work closely
together to achieve peace,
stability and wealth.
 The entire world is moving towards
integration, it is inevitable. In Asia, the
Southeast Asian countries have already formed
ASEAN (ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN
NATIONS. This regional power block appears to
work fine, the member states fit very well
together because of the following factors:
 Why do countries form regional
associations?

Military Defense
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) was formed to protect Europe from
the threat of the Soviet Union; and as a
response, the Soviet Union created the
Warsaw Pact.
 Why do countries form regional
associations?

Economic Crisis
The ASEAN countries along with China,
Japan, and South Korea established an
emergency fund that stabilized Asian
economies after the rippling effect of the
Thai economy’s collapse.
 Why do countries form regional
associations?

Resources
Countries need to pool their resources
together to make themselves more powerful.
There are many
factors that are
leading the Asian
Region into
greater
integration
➢ 1) TRADE - The world economy is
intertwined with each other whether we
like it or not. We all want or need
something from another part of the world,
including global trade facilitates. These
nations can readily supply each other’s
needs.
➢ 2) SIMILAR CULTURE - The cultures of
Asia is diverse but they do share many
things. This makes it an easier fit during
times of negotiations.
➢ 3) COMMON GOALS - The Asian region
recognizes the mutual benefit of a slow
integration, and that is to accelerate the
economic growth, social progress and
cultural development and to promote
peace.
➢ 4) SIMILAR SECURITY NEEDS - aside
from small localized rebels, this association
needs only to contend with foreign-
supported terrorist groups which are
usually handled well.
 to
Regionalis
m
➢ Continuing financial crisis. The
continuing crisis in the European Region
continues to lead the United Kingdom into
exiting the European Union.
➢ Conflict between sovereignty and
regional stability. The Philippines had a
difficulty in letting some countries support
its condemnation of China’s occupation of
the West Philippine Sea because China had
given great investments and economic aid
to these countries.
➢ Differing visions of regionalism.
Developed countries like the US may only
see regionalism as a tool for political
democratization, but developing countries
see regionalism as an obstacle to
economic globalization because public
inquiry slows down its implementations.
How do different
Asian states
confront the
challenges of
globalization and
regionalization?
 “
ASEAN
➢ founded on 8 August 1967 by
Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore,
Thailand and the Philippines
➢ promoted economic growth, social
progress and cultural development in
the Southeast Asian region through
multilateral cooperation
 “
ASEAN
Member
Countries
 Indonesia
➢ Capital: Jakarta
➢ Population: 283million (2024)
➢ Type of Government:
Democratic Republic
 Thailand
➢ Capital: Bangkok
➢ Population: 71 million (2024)
➢ Type of Government: Constitutional
Monarchy
 Malaysia
➢ Capital: Kuala Lumpur
➢ Population: 34.1 million (2024)
➢ Type of Government: Federal
Constitutional
 Singapore
➢ Capital: Pulau Ujong
➢ Population: 6.4 million (2024)
➢ Type of Government: Parliamentary
Representative Democratic Republic)
 Philippines
➢ Capital: Manila
➢ Population: 119 million (2024)
➢ Type of Government: Democratic
Republic
 Vietnam
➢ Capital: Hanoi
➢ Population: 100.9 million (2024)
➢ Type of Government: Communist
 Cambodia
➢ Capital: Phnom Penh
➢ Population: 17.6 million (2024)
➢ Type of Government: Constitutional
Monarchy
 Brunei
➢ Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan
➢ Population: 462,721(2024)
➢ Type of Government: Absolute Monarchy
 Myanmar
➢ Capital: Naypyidaw
➢ Population: 54.9 million (2024)
➢ Type of Government: Parliamentary
Republic
 Laos
➢ Capital: Vientiane
➢ Population: 7.7 million (2024)
➢ Type of Government: Communist State
➢ Energy and environmental concerns-
Rapid economic growth for Asia has led to
reliance on economic imports, increasing
the importance of sea lanes and
transformational routes.
➢ Asian states need to empower Science
and technology so that its citizens can
eventually discover or create
sustainable energy sources.
➢ Migration- The combination of rapidly
growing populations in much of the
developing world, increasingly porous
national boarders, and disparities in
economic growth rates have sparked a
dramatic increase in international
migration.
➢ Like Malaysia, other Asian countries
need to deploy troops and naval
vessels to limit the arrival of
➢ Organized crime and threats from
“non-state” actors- Through the
increasing ease of communication and
transportation flows, and growing
permeability of national borders, organized
crime networks, terrorism drugs and
weapon traffickers, and even human
smugglers face fewer constraints on their
activity.
➢ Asian states must enable stricter laws
on national security.
➢ Weakening regional institutions because of
rifts between authoritarian members of
ASEAN- “Flexible engagement” allows for countries
to comment on each other’s internal policy matters;
these counties can monitor economic indicators for
signs of impending crisis.
➢ Asian countries need to preserve their
sovereignty, meaning they should not allow
other states to exert influence on their
political decisions.
➢ Shifts in balance of power- Deepening economic
integration gives rise to regional economic blocks
that competes for power and influence.
➢ Asian countries need to work together as one
region instead of competing for power, and
rise against Western economic dominance.
➢ Expanding Roles of the Military- With lingering
traditional threats, the prospect of increased
internal tensions in Asian countries, and the
emergence of new security challenges will place
high demand on regional militaries. Increasing
demand for military will likely coincide with a perio
of declining resources.
➢ So as to avoid the declining of resources,
countries can adopt conscription methods
similar to that of South Korea wherein men
are required to do compulsory military
conscription for a few years and go back to
their lives eventually.
➢ Globalization and Democracy- Authoritarian
regimes suffer more from the effect of globalization
than states that embrace transparency,
accountability and the rule of law because these
are norms that are the backbone of democratic and
free-market societies.

➢ Asian countries may have to adopt democracy

in order to have an efficient economic system
that is well-criticized and is therefore well-
reviewed by the mass. This way, the
processes become more efficient.