DR Tayyaba Shafique

EAR
Dr Tayyaba Shafique
EAR
• CONSISTS OF
1. EXTERNAL EAR
2. MIDDLE EAR
3. INTERNAL EAR
I. EXTERNAL EAR
Consists of:
• Auricle / pinna:
• External auditory or acoustic meatus
AURICLE:
• Piece of Yellow elastic cartilage covered with perichondrium

• Attached with muscles, ligaments and vessels
• Extrinsic muscles are: anterior, posterior and superior
auricular
• Intrinsic muscles pass between cartilaginous part of the auricle
and helps to change shape of auricle
• Blood supply: post auricular and superficial temporal arteries
• Nerve supply: auriculotemporal nerve, great auricular nerve
and branches of facial nerve
EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS
• Curved tube or S shaped canal that leads from auricle to tympanic

membrane
• Approximately 1 inch in length
• Oval in section
• Outer 1/ 3rd has a framework of elastic cartilage
• Inner 2/3rd is covered by bone
• Conducts sound waves from auricle to tympanic membrane
• Ceruminous glands produce wax
• Blood supply: 1. outer part is supplied by superficial temporal,
posterior auricular arteries
2. inner part is supplied by deep auricular artery
• Nerve supply: 1.ant half by auriculotemporal nerve

2. post half by auricular branch of vagus nerve
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE
• Thin translucent separation between external acoustic meatus

and middle ear
• Trilayered, semitransparent membrane
• Oval in shape
• Outer skin surface, inner mucous membrane and in between
them is fibrous layer connective tissue
• Pars tensa
• Pars flaccida
• Umbo
II. MIDDLE EAR
• Shaped like a cube which is compressed from side to side

• Slit like cavity also called tympanic cavity
• Narrow air filled space in the pitrous part of temporal bone
• Lined by mucous membrane
• Consists of auditory ossicles and walls
AU D IT O RY O SS I C LE S O R E A R O SS IC LE S :
• Malleus
• Incus
• Stapes
I. Malleus :
• Largest ossicle
• Shaped like a hammer
• Most laterally placed
• Consists of head, neck, lateral process, anterior process and handle
II. Incus :
• Consists of body and long short processes
• Also called anvil
III. Stapes :
• Most medial bone
• Consists of head, neck, anterior and posterior limbs and a baseplate
BOUNDARIES OR WALLS OF MIDDLE EAR
I. Roof or tegmental wall:

• Separates the middle ear from middle cranial fossa
• Thin plate of bone called tegmen tympani
II. Floor or jugular wall :

• Formed by thin plate of bone which separates middle ear from superior
bulb of internal jugular vein and IX, X XI nerves
III. Anterior wall :
• Narrow tube due to approximation of medial and lateral wall
• Canal for the tensor tympani muscle
• Opening for the auditory tube
• Separates middle ear from internal carotid artrey
BOUNDARIES OF MIDDLE EAR
IV. Posterior wall :

• Also called mastoidal wall
• Aditus to the mastoid antrum
• Below is a hollow, conical projection from whose apex emerges
stapedius muscle
V. Lateral wall :
• Membranous or tympanic wall
• Consists of tympanic membrane
VI. Medial wall :

• Bony networks called the labyrinths are present
• It form the lateral wall of inner ear
• Promontary is a rounded projection
• Oval window called the fenestra vestibuli
• Round window called the fenestra cochlea
• Ridge of the facial canal
MUSCLES OF THE MIDDLE EAR
• Tensor tympani
• Stapedius muscle
MIDDLE EAR
• Blood supply:
1. anterior tympanic branch of maxillary artery
2. posterior tympanic branch of posterior auricular artery
• Nerve supply:
1. tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve
2. sup and inf caroticotympanic nerves from sympathetic
plexus
III. INNER EAR
• Fluid filled cavity

• Mainly consists o bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth
• Membranous labyrinth is suspended in the perilymph
• Bony labyrinth consists of
1. Cochlea
2. Vestibule
3. Semicircular canals
COCHLEA:
• Bony cochlea resemble the shell of snail

• Central pillar is modiolus around which a hollow bony tube
make 2 and 3 quarter turns
• Each successive turn is decreasing radius
• Perforated by branches of cochlear nerve
• opens into anterior part of vestibule
• apex faces anterolaterally ad base faces posteromedially
V E ST I B UL E :
• Central part of bony labyrinth

• 3 semicircular canals open into its posterior wall
• 2 membranous sacs called the saccule and utricle are present
in vestibule
• Saccule lies in anteroinferior part
• Utricle lies in posterosuperior part
• Duct of saccule and duct of utricle unite to form ductus
endolymphaticus
SEMICIRCULAR CANALS
• 3 bony semicircular canals

• Anterior, posterior and lateral
• Each has a dilatation called the ampula
• These canals are at right angle to each other
• Opens into vestibule by 5 orifices
• One of the orifices is common to 2 canals
MEMBRANOUS L ABYRINTH:
• Consists of
1. semicircular ducts : organs of kinetic balance
2. utricle, saccule : organs of static balance
3. cochlear duct : organ of hearing (contains sensory receptors
for hearing)
• Organs of balance: Vestibular apparatus
3 semicircular ducts
vestibular sacs
• Blood supply of bony labyrinth: ant tympanic branch of
maxillary artery
stylomastoid artery of post
auricular artery
petrosal branch of middle
meningeal artery
• Blood supply of membranous labyrinth: labyrinth artery and
vein
• Nerve supply: cochlear nerve, vestibular nerve
TYMPANIC PLEXUS :
• Lies on the promontory of the medial wall od middle ear

• It is formed from the
1. Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerve
2. Sympathetic nerves
3. Communicating branch from facial nerve
• Plexus supplies mucous membrane of middle ear
• It gives origin to the lesser petrosal nerve
OTITIS MEDIA
THANKYOU

DR Tayyaba Shafique

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EAR

• Piece of Yellow elastic cartilage covered with perichondrium

• Curved tube or S shaped canal that leads from auricle to tympanic

• Nerve supply: 1.ant half by auriculotemporal nerve

• Thin translucent separation between external acoustic meatus

• Shaped like a cube which is compressed from side to side

I. Roof or tegmental wall:

II. Floor or jugular wall :

IV. Posterior wall :

VI. Medial wall :

• Fluid filled cavity

• Bony cochlea resemble the shell of snail

• Central part of bony labyrinth

• 3 bony semicircular canals

• Lies on the promontory of the medial wall od middle ear

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