CHAPTER TWO

JAVA APPLET
 JAVA APPLET

• Applet is a special type of program that is embedded in the webpage to

generate the dynamic content.
• It runs inside the web browser and works at client side.
• Applet is embedded in a HTML page using the APPLET or OBJECT
tag and hosted on a web server.
• Applets are used to make the web site more dynamic and entertaining.
 cont.…
• Applets are not stand-alone programs. Instead, they run within either a web
browser or an applet viewer.
• JDK provides a standard applet viewer tool called applet viewer
• In general, execution of an applet does not begin at main() method.
• Output of an applet window is not performed by System.out.println().
Rather it is handled with various AWT methods, such as drawString().
• Some important points:
• All applets are sub-classes (either directly or indirectly) of
java.applet.Applet class.
 Cont.…
• Advantage of Applet
There are many advantages of applet. They are as follows:
It works at client side so less response time.
 Secured
 It can be executed by browsers running under many platforms,
including Linux, Windows, Mac Os etc.
 Applet class

 Every applet is implemented by creating a subclass of the Applet class.

An applet program is a written as a inheritance of the java.Applet class
There is no main() method in an Applet.
An applet uses AWT for graphics
 Cont.….
Hierarchy of applet  The Applet class extends the AWT Panel class,
which extends the AWT Container class, which
extends the AWT Component class.
 From Component, an applet inherits the ability to
draw and handle events.
 From Container, an applet inherits the ability to
include other components and to have a layout
manager control the size and position of those
components.
 From Applet, an applet inherits several
capabilities, including the ability to respond to
major milestones, such as loading and unloading
life cycle of an applet

• When an applet begins, the following methods

are called, in this sequence.
• init( )
• start( )
• paint( )
• When an applet is terminated, the following
sequence of method calls takes place.
– stop( )
– destroy( )
 init( )
Initialization occurs when the applet is first loaded (or reloaded),
similarly to the main() method in applications.
It is the first of your methods to be executed
 Typically this method is used to initialize instance fields, create GUI
components, load sound to play, load image to display.
Applet does not have constructor. Instead, we override the init()
method to initialize the GUI display when the applet is loaded into the
web browser.
It is only executed once
 Cont.….
• To provide behavior for the initialization of your applet, override
the init() method in your applet class.
String s= " ";
public void init()
{
s=s+ " int ";
}
 Start( )
The start( ) method is called after init( ).
it can happen many different times during an applet's lifetime
Note that init( ) is called once i.e. when the first time an applet is loaded
whereas start( ) is called each time an applet’s HTML document is
displayed on screen.
Starting can also occur if the applet was previously stopped.

 To start the applet's execution, such as when the applet's loaded or when the
user revisits a page that contains the applet.
.
 paint()
• This method is called by applet container after init() and start()
methods.
• Painting is how an applet actually draws something on the screen, be
it text, a line, a colored background, or an image.
• You override the paint() method if your applet needs to have an
actual appearance on the screen (that is, most of the time).
• The paint method is where the real work of this applet (what little
work goes on) really occurs.
 Cont.…
• The paint( ) method has one parameter of type Graphics.
• This parameter will contain the graphics context, which describes the
graphics environment in which the applet is running.
• This context is used whenever output to the applet is required.
• called back when the applet drawing area must be refreshed, e.g.,
another window partially covers the applet
 cont.….
Example
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString("Hello again!", 5, 40);
}
 stop( )
• The stop( ) method is called when a web browser leaves the HTML
document containing the applet
• when it goes to another page, for example.

• When stop( ) is called, the applet is probably running .

• You should use stop( ) to suspend threads that don’t need to run when the
applet is not visible.
• You can restart them when start( ) is called if the user returns to the page.
• To stop the applet's execution, such as when the user leaves the applet's page or
quits the browser.
 destroy( ) :

• The destroy( ) method is called when the environment determines

that your applet needs to be removed completely from memory.
• At this point, you should free up any resources the applet may
be using.
• The stop( ) method is always called before destroy( ).
CONT....
 cont.…
 The ways to run an applet
By appletViewer tool (for testing purpose).

//First.java
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.Graphics;
public class First extends Applet{
public void paint(Graphics g){
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawString("welcome to applet",150,150);
} }
 java applet vs java application
Java application Java Applet
• Java Application is a type of • A Java Applet is a small program that
program that can get independently makes use of another application
executed on a computer. program so that we can execute it.
• The execution of the Java application • The Java applet initializes through the
begins with the main() method. The init(). It does not require the usage of
usage of the main() is a prerequisite any main() method.
here. • It cannot run independently but
• It cannot run alone, but it requires requires APIs for its execution (Ex.
JRE for its execution. APIs like Web API).
 Cont.….

Java application Java Applet

• One needs to install a Java • A Java applet does not require any prior
application priorly and explicitly on a installation.
local computer.
• A Java applet cannot perform these
• The Java applications are capable of applications on any local computer.
performing the read and write
operations on various files present in
a local computer.
 displaying graphics in applet
• java.awt.Graphics class provides many methods for graphics programming.
Commonly used methods of Graphics class:
• public void drawString(String str, int x, int y): is used to draw the specified
string.
• public void drawRect(int x, int y, int width, int height): draws a rectangle with
the specified width and height.
• public void fillRect(int x, int y, int width, int height): is used to fill rectangle
with the default color and specified width and height.
• public void drawOval(int x, int y, int width, int height): is used to draw oval
with the specified width and height.
 cont.…

• public void fillOval(int x, int y, int width, int height): is used to fill oval
with the default color and specified width and height.
• public void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2): is used to draw line
between the points(x1, y1) and (x2, y2).
• public boolean drawImage(Image img, int x, int y, ImageObserver
observer): is used draw the specified image.
 cont.….
• public abstract void drawArc(int x, int y, int width, int height, int
startAngle, int arcAngle): is used draw a circular or elliptical arc.
• public abstract void fillArc(int x, int y, int width, int height, int
startAngle, int arcAngle): is used to fill a circular or elliptical arc.
• public abstract void setColor(Color c): is used to set the graphics
current color to the specified color.
• public abstract void setFont(Font font): is used to set the graphics
current font to the specified font.
Eg. Drawing Lines and Rectagles
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class LineRect extends Applet {
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawstring(“Draw line and rectangle”,5,5);
g.drawLine(10,10,50,50);
g.drawRect(10,60,40,30); }}
Eg. Drawing fill rectangle and
drawRoundRect
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class LineRect extends Applet {
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.fillRect(60,10,30,80);
g.drawRoundRect(10,100,80,50,10,10);
g.fillRoundRect(20,110,60,30,5,5);
}}
THE END