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Malignancies of various
systems
Types of cancers
 Cancer is a broad term used to
encompass several malignant diseases.
 Over 100 types of cancer, affecting
various parts of body.
 Each cancer is unique with its own
causes, symptoms, and methods of
treatment.
 Like with all groups of disease, some
types of cancer are more common than
others
Types of Cancer Classified by
Body System
 Cancer has the potential to affect every organ in

the body.
( Except Nails, hair & teeth)
 Cells within malignant tumors have ability to
invade neighboring tissues and organs, thus
spreading the disease.
 Cancerous cells break free from tumor enter
bloodstream, in turn spreading disease to other
organs.
 This process of spreading is called metastasis.
Nomenclature
 When cancer has metastasized and
affected other areas of the body, the
disease is still referred to the organ
of origination.
 For instance, if cervical cancer
spreads to the lungs, it is still called
cervical cancer, not lung cancer
Blood Cancer
 Cells in the bone marrow that give rise to red blood cells,
white blood cells, and platelets can sometimes become
cancerous.
 Leukemia
Childhood Leukemia
 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia: (ALL)
 Acute Myeloid Leukemia: (AML)
 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: (CLL)
 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: (CML)
 Hairy Cell Leukemia
 Lymphoma
Hodgkins
Nonhodgkins
 Multiple Myeloma
 Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
Bone Cancer
 Bone cancer relatively rare.Can affect
both children and adults, but primarily
affects children and teens.
 Several types , most common are:
 Ewing's Sarcoma
 Osteosarcoma
 Condrosarcoma
 Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
Brain Cancer
 Brain tumors can be malignant
(cancerous) or benign (non-
cancerous).
 Affect both children and adults.
 Malignant brain tumors don't often
spread beyond the brain.
 However, other types of cancer have
the ability to spread to the brain.
Types of brain cancer
 Adult Brain Tumor
 Brain Stem Glioma, Childhood
 Cerebellar Astrocytoma, Childhood
 Cerebral Astrocytoma/Malignant Glioma, Childhood
 Ependymoma, Childhood
 Medulloblastoma, Childhood
 Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors and
Pineoblastoma, Childhood
 Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma, Childhood
Breast Cancer
 Breast cancer common cancer affects women and less
commonly, men.
 More than 200,000 women diagnosed in the United States each
year.
 Types include, but are not limited to:

 ductal carcinoma in situ
 lobular carcinoma in situ
 inflammatory breast cancer
 Paget's disease of the nipple
 Invasive types of breast cancer
Digestive/Gastrointestinal
Cancers
 Anal Cancer  Liver Cancer, Adult Prim
ary
 Bile Duct Cancer,
Extrahepatic
 Liver Cancer, Childhood
 Carcinoid Tumor,
Gastrointestinal  Pancreatic Cancer
 Colon Cancer  Rectal Cancer
 Esophageal Cancer  Small Intestine Cancer

 Gallbladder Cancer  Stomach (Gastric) Cance
r
Endocrine Cancers
 The endocrine system is part of the body responsible for
glandular and hormonal activity.
 Thyroid cancer most common and the least fatal.
 Adrenocortical Carcinoma
 Carcinoid Tumor, Gastrointestinal
 Islet Cell Carcinoma (Endocrine Pancreas)
 Parathyroid Cancer
 Pheochromocytoma
 Pituitary Tumor
 Thyroid Cancer
Eye Cancer
 Likeother organs in the human body,
eyes are also vulnerable to cancer .
 Eye cancer can affect both children
and adults.
 Melanoma, Intraocular
 Retinoblastoma
Genitourinary Cancers
 These types of cancer affect the male genitalia and urinary
tract.
 Bladder Cancer
 Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer
 Penile Cancer
 Prostate Cancer
 Renal Pelvis and Ureter Cancer, Transitional Cell
 Testicular Cancer
 Urethral Cancer
 Wilms' Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumo
Gynecologic Cancers
 This group of cancer types affect the organs of
the female reproductive system.
 Cervical Cancer
 Endometrial Cancer
 Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor
 Ovarian Cancer
 Uterine Sarcoma
 Vaginal Cancer
 Vulvar Cancer
Head and Neck Cancer
 Most H&N cancers affect moist mucosal surfaces of the H&N,
like the mouth, throat, and nose.
 Causes vary, but cigarette smoking plays a major role.
 Strong HPV link in the development of some head and neck
cancer.
 Hypopharyngeal Cancer
 Laryngeal Cancer
 Lip and Oral Cancer
 Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer
 Nasopharyngeal Cancer
 Oropharyngeal Cancer
 Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer
 Parathyroid Cancer
 Salivary Gland Cancer
Respiratory Cancers
 Cigarette smoking primary cause for cancer
affecting the respiratory system.
 Exposure to asbestos is also a factor.
 Lung Cancer, Non-Small Cell
 Lung Cancer, Small Cell
 Malignant Mesothelioma
 Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma

Skin Cancers
 Non-melanoma skin cancer most common type of
cancer among men and women.
 Exposure to the UV rays of the sun primary cause
for non-melanoma skin cancer and also melanoma.
 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
 Kaposi's Sarcoma
 Melanoma
 Merkel Cell Carcinoma
 Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

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Malignancies of various

 Cancer has the potential to affect every organ in

 Types include, but are not limited to:

 Colon Cancer  Rectal Cancer

 Esophageal Cancer  Small Intestine Cancer

 Lung Cancer, Non-Small Cell

 Lung Cancer, Small Cell

 Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma

 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

 Merkel Cell Carcinoma

 Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

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