EALS - Q1W3

TYPES OF ROCKS
AND THEIR
CHARACTERISTICS
AND WEATHERING
LEARNING COMPTENCIES:
➢ Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary,
and metamorphic (S11ES-Ic-6)
➢ Explain how the products of weathering

are carried away by erosion and deposited
elsewhere. (S11/12ES-Ib-12)
Activity 1: Let’s Play! 4 pics 1 word!
Directions: Identify the word indicated in the 4 pictures.
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Activity 2: Guess Me!
Direction: Arrange the scrambled letters inside the box to form the
correct words related to weathering
WHAT IS A ROCK?
-Rock is a naturally substance consisting of aggregate
minerals
Clumped together with other Earth materials through
natural processes.
Classification of Rocks
1. IGNEOUS ROCKS – derived from
the Latin word ignis meaning “fire”
2. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS – from the
root word sediments which means
“remaining particles”
3. METAMORPHIC ROCKS – meta
means “change” and morph means
“form”
THE ROCK CYCLE
- Is a diagram that shows the
continuous succession of how
rocks form, break down, and
reform as a result of the
processes that induces the
formation of igneous,
sedimentary and metamorphic
Exogenous Processes
They are usually influenced or
driven by gravity, water, wind and
organisms. In extreme cases, these
can wipe out majority of the
organisms inhabiting the area.
The following are the different types:
➢ Weathering – It is the disintegration of rocks,
soil and minerals together with other materials
through contact with Earth’s subsystems. This
happens even without movement or
transportation. It refers to the breaking down of
soil and rocks and it occurs in situ or on the spot.
It is the gradual destruction of rock under surface
conditions, dissolving it, wearing it away or
breaking it down into progressively smaller
pieces.
2 types of weathering:
• Physical weathering –Is the breaking
down of rocks by mechanical forces
concentrated along rock fractures. This can
occur due to changes whether sudden or
not, in temperature, pressure and etc. It
does not just affect the earth. It can also
affect some brick and stone buildings over
time. In some cases, water, wind or ice may
abrade or scrape rocks or soil.
Chemical weathering – Is the process by which rocks
break down by chemical reactions. In this process, new
or secondary minerals develop and sometimes replace
the original properties of the minerals in the original
rock or soil. Oxidation (the reaction of a substance with
oxygen) and hydrolysis (the chemical breakdown of a
substance when combined with water) are chemical
processes that contribute to chemical weathering. It
involves the decomposition or decay of rock. This type
of weathering does not break rocks down but rather
alters its chemical composition through carbonation,
hydration, oxidation or hydrolysis.
Erosion – It is the process by which
Earth’s surface is worn away by wind,
water, or ice. It moves rock debris or
soil from one place to another. It takes
place when there is rainfall, surface
runoff, flowing rivers, flooding,
seawater intrusion, freezing and
thawing, hurricanes, wind and etc.
Mass wasting – This refers to the
movement of large masses of materials
(rock, debris, soil, mud) down a slope or
a steep-sided hill or mountain due to
the pull of gravity. It is very destructive
in areas with increased water flow (such
as rainfall or flash floods), Steep slopes,
scarce or no vegetation, or vibrating or
moving ground.
Different forms of mass wasting:
• Debris flow – It happens when a large
amount of sediments, usually rocks of various
sizes, fall down the slope. Unlike a landslide,
debris flow does not need water to flow down.
• Mudflow – It happens when combined soil
and water flow down a slope. This usually
happens near rivers or streams where soil or
sand is always moist or has been soaked in
water for a long time.
Slump – It is a slow movement of
soil along a curved surface. In time,
the area would look curved because
of the depression formed by the
sinking land.
Sedimentation – It is the
accumulation of materials such as soil,
rock fragments, and soil particles
settling on the ground. This usually
occurs in streams and sea erosion. In
ocean, the sediment layer can form the
ocean basin. Because geologic
processes are constant, ocean basins
change in size and depth.
_____ 1. Exogenous processes on Earth take place or in
the interior of Earth.
_____ 2. Oxidation refers to the reaction of a substance
with oxygen.
_____ 3. Sedimentation is the accumulation of materials
such as soil, rock fragments,
and soil particles settling on the ground.
____ 4. Physical weathering is the breaking down of rocks
by mechanical forces
concentrated along rock fractures.
_____ 5. Unlike a landslide, debris flow needs water to
flow down.

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TYPES OF ROCKS

➢ Explain how the products of weathering

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

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