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    NUTRITION

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    Thippagalla Harshitha Harshitha
    Uptake of protein, carbohydrates, fats , vitamins and minerals together called nutrition

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    NUTRITION

    Uploaded by

    Thippagalla Harshitha Harshitha
    3 views44 pages
    Uptake of protein, carbohydrates, fats , vitamins and minerals together called nutrition

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Uptake of protein, carbohydrates, fats , vitamins and minerals together called nutrition

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3 views44 pages

    NUTRITION

    Uploaded by

    Thippagalla Harshitha Harshitha
    Uptake of protein, carbohydrates, fats , vitamins and minerals together called nutrition

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 44

    NUTRITION

    Dr. Jhansi Rani


    Asso. Prof of Paediatrics
    Dr. P. Brahmaiah
    Asst. Prof of Paediatrics
    NUTRIENTS
    MAJOR MINOR
     Vitamins
    Carbohydrates  Minerals-major-11
     C,H,O,N,Na,K,Cl,Mg,Ca,
    Proteins
    P,S
    Fats  Trace elements
    Grouped as
    1.Cereals,millets,pulses-major source
    2.Vegetables & fruits-
    vitamins,minerals,fibre,antioxid
    3.Milk& milk products-calcium rich
    4.Egg, meat, fish- enhance quality
    5.Oils & fats-calorie rich
    BALANCED DIET
    Carbohydrates-55-60%
    Proteins-10-12%
    Fats-25-30%
    Essential fatty acids- Linolenic Acid, Eicosapentanoic Acid &
    Decosahaxanoic Acid
    Essential amino acids-
    Leucine,isoleucine,lysine,methionone,phenylalanine,threonine,
    Tryptophan,valine
    Histidine & Arginine in infancy
    Energy
    1gm of Carbohydrates, Proteins- 4kcal
    1gm of Fats-9kcal
    ENERGY REQUIREMENT- (Expected Wt)
    Upto 10 kgs-100 kcal/kg
    11-20 kgs-1000kcal+50 kcal/kg
    >20kg-1500kcal+20kcal/kg
    Breast milk
    Composition-100ml
    milk KCal CHO Fat Protein osmola
    lactose casein lity
    human 65 7.4 1.1 3.4 290
    cow 67 4.4 3.2 4.1 350
    buffalo 96 5.0 4.4 6.5

    Human milk- rich in Ca, P, Vit B2


    Lacks- Vit C,K,D
    Cow/buffalo milk - rich in Na, Ca/P=<2, low
    fluoride, high osmolality
    Cardinal principles of breast feeding

    1.Initiation of breast feeding within an hour of birth


    2.Exclusive breast feeding for first 6 mths
    3.Continuation of breast feeds with complementary feeds
    up to 2 yrs of age
    Complementary feeding
    Mashed roti/ bread/ biscuit mixed in sweetened undiluted
    milk or in thick dhal with added ghee/oil.
    Added cooked vegetables
    Dalia, halwa, kheer made of milk or porridge made of
    milk or mashed boiled/fried potatoes
    Banana, cheeku, mango, papaya, biscuit- in between
    feeds
    Frequency
    6-12mths- 3 times/day(breast fed), 5 times/day(not
    breast fed)
    1yr-2yrs-5 times/day
    >2yrs- 3meals/day with 2 snacks
    Contraindications of Breast feeding
    Absolute
    Congenital lactose intolerance
    Galactosaemia
    Relative
    Antimalignant drugs
    Antithyroid drugs
    Antipsychotic drugs
    Breast milk jaundice
    Breast abscess
    Serious debilitating chronic illness
    Disadvantages of formula feeding
    Risk of infection – Enterobacter sakazakii,
    Salmonella
    Risk of ARI, GE, Otitis media, NEC
    Risk of Asthma, Allergies, Type I DM, IBD,
    Atherosclerosis, Obesity, increased B.P
    Attachment
    Chin should touch the breast
    Mouth wide open
    Lower lip everted
    Most of the areola visible above than below
    Positioning
    Baby turned towards mother – ears, shoulder,
    buttocks in straight line
    Baby hold close to the mother
    Bottom of the baby is well supported
    Adequacy of breast feeds
    Effective feeding for 10 – 15 min
    Sleeps atleast 2 hrs after feed
    Urine atleast 6 times or more
    Adequate weight gain
    Breast milk Na- less than 16mmol/L
    Milk dribbles from contralateral breast
    Diet during diarrhea
    Home made fluids- lemon water, butter milk,
    coconut milk, rice kanji, lentil soup
    C/I: coffee, tea, fruit juices, cool drinks,
    carbonated beverages
    During Fever….
    Easily digestible food items – idly, bread, rice
    kanji, porridge, fruits
    Avoid- junk foods, spicy foods
    Adequate hydration- coconut water, butter
    milk, fruit juices
    RICE(100gm)
    RAW
    Energy-350kcal
    Protein-7gm
    Fiber-0.2gm
    COOKED(1 cup)
    Energy-175kcal
    Protein-4gm
    WHEAT(100gm)
    Energy-350kcal
    Protein-11gm
    Fiber-1.2gm
    Cereals –rich in CHO,Vit B1, B2, Folic acid, fiber,
    phytates
    Lacks-Lysine
    RAGI(100gm)
    Energy-330kcal
    Protein-7gm
    Fiber-3.6gm
    Rich- calcium, iodine, iron
    Amylase rich foods-wheat, jower, bajra, ragi, green
    gram
    Soaking in 3 times water(12hrs)-drain water –air free
    area(48hrs)-dry in sunlight(8hrs)-roast(88 c) for
    10min-powder
    RED GRAM(100gm)
    Energy-340kcal
    Protein-22gm
    BENGAL GRAM(100gm)
    Energy-360kcal
    Protein-17gm
    GREEN GRAM(100gm)
    Energy-340kcal
    Protein-24gm
    Pulses- rich in CHO, Proteins, Vit B1, B2, Folic acid,
    fiber, calcium, iron, phosphorous
    Lacks- Methionine
    SOYA BEAN(100gm)
    Energy-430kcal
    Protein-43gm
    Rich –Ca, Zn, Se, Fe, Cu, Mg, K, folic acid,
    carotenoids ,fibre
    Proteins-2 times pulses
    Fat-3 times pulses
    Veg source of omega 3 FA
    Lacks-sodium, Vit C, B12
    GROUNDNUT(100gm)
    Energy-568kcal
    Protein-26gm
    Fat-40gm
    Rich in thiamine,nicotinic acid
    EGG(100gm)= 2 eggs
    Energy-169kcal
    Protein-13gm
    Fat-13gm
    Reference protein-NPU(100%),BV
    Rich-protein,cholesterol,phosphorus,Vit B12,B2
    Lacks-CHO,VitC
    JAGGERY & SUGAR
    1gm-4kcal
    Jaggery-rich in iron
    GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES(100gm)
    Energy-33kcal
    Protein-1gm
    CHO-6gm
    BANANA(100gm)= 2 bananas
    Energy-116kcal
    Protein-1.2gm
    VEGETABLES(100gm)
    TOMATO(2) CARROT
    Energy-20kcal Energy-93kcal
    Protein-1gm Protein-2gm
    CHO-3.4gm CHO-21gm
    Potassium-146mg Rich in carotene
    MEAT& FISH(100gm)
    MEAT(4 ps) FISH(3ps)
    Energy-191kcal Energy-106kcal
    Protein-18.5gm Protein-17gm
    Fat-13gm Fat-2gm
    GLUTEN FREE DIET
    Barley, ragi, oats, wheat-to be avoided in
    Caeliac disease

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