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Introduction To Data Structures and Algorithms

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18 views

Introduction To Data Structures and Algorithms

Uploaded by

milesjianne.cellacay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bohol Island State University

INTRO TO DATA
STRUCTURES AND
ALGORITHMS

Alma Mae B. Auxtero


Learning Objectives
• Discuss the need for using data structures and
algorithms in computer programming
• classify data structures based on their
organization of elements; and
• illustrate a real-world problem and determine the
type of data structure that you can use to solve it.
Basic Concepts
• Data object - represents an object having data.
• Data type - a classification of data such as integer, string,
etc.
⚬ the data type determines the values that can be
assigned and the operations that can be performed
with the corresponding data type.
• Two classification of data types in Java:
⚬ Built-in Data type
⚬ Derived Data tpye
Basic Concepts
• Built-in Data type - data types with built-in support in a certain
language.
⚬ integers
⚬ boolean
⚬ float
⚬ character and strings
• Derived data type - data types that are implementation-
independent. It means that we can implement them in one way or
another.
⚬ List
⚬ Array
⚬ Stack
⚬ Queue
Why Data Structures
• Variables store data in a program. Now, once we have
several data in our program, it can get complicated, and
the data gets larger each day.
• Consequently, problems arise.
a. Processor speed - To handle large data, high-speed
processing is needed.
b. Data Search - Consider a company with 1,000
employees. If our system needs to search for
employee data, it needs to search through at most
1,000 employee data every time. This situation would
result in slowing down the search process.
Why Data Structures
c. Multiple requests - If billions of users are searching
the
data simultaneously on a web server, then there
could
be a chance that a server can fail during that
process.
• We need some mechanism for storing and organizing that
data to solve problems.
What is Data Structure
• data structure - a special format for organizing and storing
data in a computer’s memory so that it can be retrieved
quickly for processing.
⚬ Think of a computer program as a library.
• The choice of data structures will also depend on their
advantages and disadvantages.
How to classify data structures
• We can classify data structures in two types:
⚬ Linear data structure - we can access elements in
sequential order.

⚬ Non-linear or hierarchical data structures - elements of


this data are stored/accessed in a non-linear order.
How to classify data structures

⚬ Non-linear or hierarchical data structures - elements of


this data are stored/accessed in a non-linear order.
What is algorithm?
• Algorithm - a step by step solution to a problem.
• We implement them through methods (Java Language) or
functions (C Language).
• To get a problem solved, we want not only an algorithm
but also an efficient algorithm.
• Run time complexity - the time taken to execute an
algorithm
• Space complexity - the memory it consumes/use at run
time
Why study algorithms?
• We can use several distinct algorithms for the same
problem to process a data structure.
• We must choose the best one of the available algorithms.
• The best algorithm is the one that balances the two
factors of run time and space complexity.
• We generally prioritize the time complexity than its
memory complexity.
• Memory is getting cheaper and computers have more
memory today.
Role of algorithms in data structures
• Algorithms manipulate the data in the data structures in
various ways. We may use several algorithms in different
operations in data structures.
• Basic operations that we can do in a data structure
⚬ Traverse
⚬ Insert
⚬ Delete
⚬ Search
⚬ Merge
⚬ Sort
Applications of Data Structures and Algorithms
• Social Media Platforms
• Navigation and Maps
• Operating Systems
• Banking Systems
Any Questions?

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