STP Wetlands

Constructed
Wetland
Sewage
Treatment
Plant (STP)
Sustainable Wastewater
Treatment
for VFSTR Campus
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Table of contents
• Overview
• Better water management system
• Components of the Constructed Wetland Sewage
Treatment Plant (STP)
• Process of sewage treatment
• Advantages and Disadvantages of (STP)
• Interesting findings
• Conclusion
• References
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Overview:
 The Constructed wet land
system at Vignan university
of 700KLD capacity stands a
fabulous tool to promote
Water sustainability and to
promote the admission to
make campus Zero Water
Disposal.
 The project worth 99Lakhs
enables institute to recycle
waste water from different
sources in the campus.
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Process of sewage treatment
Storage Treated
wetland ozonisation
tank water
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Components of the Constructed Wetland
STP
1.Holding Tank: Initial collection and 3. Tertiary Treatment Tank:

flow stabilization. Ozonation for final disinfection.
2.Wetland Tanks: Gravel and plant 4. Site-Specific Design: Low-
beds for filtration and pollutant elevation location for gravity flow.
Components of the Constructed Wetland
STP Tank for
Holding Tanks Wetlands(with air blowers) Tertiary Tank
treated Water
PRIMARY TREATMENT
The primary treatment process aims to remove large particles,
settle solids, and prepare the wastewater for biological treatment.
This stage includes:
• Process Details:
Sewage Inlet: Raw wastewater enters the system via the
sewage inlet.
Holding Tanks (CH-1 to CH-7):
• The wastewater flows through a series of interconnected tanks
(CH-1 to CH-7).
Gravity Separation:
• Solid particles settle to the bottom of the tanks due to gravity,
forming sludge.
Aeration via Air Blowers:
• Air blowers introduce oxygen into the tanks, preventing the
wastewater from becoming stagnant and reducing odor formation.
• Aeration promotes preliminary microbial activity, which begins
breaking down organic matter.
Objective:
• Removes large debris and reduces the organic load, making the water
suitable for biological treatment in the secondary stage
STORAGE TANK
• Storage tank of large capacity
collects the sewage water from
various sources within the
university
• The inflow amount of impurities
etc are carefully monitored
through the respective gauges
throughout the process
• Calculated amount of specific
bacteria is added to water 700KLD Holding Tank @
depending on the quantity of STP
water intake .
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WETLANDS
• Wetlands act as a sink
for orgonic matter and
nutrients present in the
water .
• Hydroponic cultivation is
encouraged at STP of
wetlands of vignan
university
• Gravel was arranged at Locally available gravel Wetlands 1 & 2 at STP Plant
the wetland to support and Local wetland plants
plants
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Wetland Components
Shallow beds/cells (usually <1m deep)
Helophytes (water loving plants)
Substrate (soil, coarse sand, gravels, etc.
Waterland cross section

• Constructed wetland systems have
reported high efficiency in the
treatment of wastewater
containing nitrogen compounds
with NH4-N removal of 86—98%
and NO2-N removal efficiency
exceeds 99%.
Phytoremediation technique to
remove Organic and Inorganic
Impurities in waste water
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HOW THE
SEWAGE  Primary treatment
TREATMENT  Secondary treatment
PLANT  Tertiary treatment
FUNCTIONS
Sewage treatment plant components

Advantages of Constructed Wetland
Sewage Treatment
Cost Effectiveness
• Lower initial investment
• Reduced operational cost
Simplicity and Maintenance

• Easy construction and operation
• Low Maintenance Requirements
Ecological Benefits
• Natural Treatment Processes
• Biodiversity Support Illustration of STP
Better Water managemen
system
• In recent years many places especially
metropolitan
Cities like Bangalore had faced serious
water scarcity during mid and late summer
periods .
• The STP system can help to make the
situation better
15
People
25/11/2024 facing water
….Continuati
on
Flexibility and Adaptability
• Decentralized approach
• Scalability
Aesthetic and Community Integration

• It enhances the view of the area
• Community Engagement
Reduced Risk of Odor and Pollution

• Lower odor production
• Natural filtration
Disadvantages of Constructed Wetland
Sewage Treatment
Space Requirements
• We need land area for the construction.
Temperature Sensitivity
• During colder climates the plant growth is reduced
impacting the treatment capabilities.
Limited Treatment Efficiency for Certain Pollutants
• This STP is less efficient at treating specific
pollutants such as heavy metals .
• Treatment efficiency can vary due to flow
rate ,plant growth and seasonal changes leading to
less predictable effluent quality.
Interesting findings
• Immediately After visited the water treatment plant
as a civil engineer thoughts about utilization of this
treated water provoked . Through that thought was
the question provoked can this treated water be used
to mix concrete in construction ?
Research finding :
• The maximum permissible organic matter content in
water for mixing of concrete as per is 456:2000m is
200mg/l but the organic matter content in the treated
water was learnt to be 20 mg/l hence it is usable.
• Constructed wetland systems have reported high
Concrete
efficiency in the treatment of wastewater containing
degrading
nitrogen compounds with NH4-N removal of 86—98%
and NO2-N removal efficiency exceeds 99%.
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Conclusion
1. The 700 KLD Constructed Wetland STP at VFSTR is a sustainable solution for wastewater
management, utilizing natural processes to treat and recycle water.
2. Constructed wetland systems have reported high efficiency in the treatment of
wastewater containing nitrogen compounds with NH4-N removal of 86—98% and NO2-N
removal efficiency exceeds 99%.
3. It supports the 3Rs—Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, with treated water used for gardening
and dual plumbing.
4. Key features include:
a) Phytoremediation with plants like Canna indica.
b) Gravel substrates for filtration and microbial support.
c) Low energy use with gravity flow and natural processes.
5. Advantages: Eco-friendly, cost-effective, and low maintenance, with no harmful
byproducts.
6. Potential Enhancements:Biogas digesters, IoT monitoring, diverse plant species, and
rainwater harvesting.
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REFERENCES
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925857408002681#
:~:text=Constructed%20wetland%20systems%20have%20reported,N%20removal%20efficiency%20exceeds%2099%25
Vignan’s Foundation of Science, Technology and Research STP Documentation
https://bluedropwetlands.com/
https://bluedropwetlands.com/sewage-and-enfluent-treatment.php
11/25/2024 21

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Constructed

1.Holding Tank: Initial collection and 3. Tertiary Treatment Tank:

Shallow beds/cells (usually <1m deep)

Helophytes (water loving plants)

Substrate (soil, coarse sand, gravels, etc.

Waterland cross section

TREATMENT  Secondary treatment

PLANT  Tertiary treatment

Sewage treatment plant components

Simplicity and Maintenance

Aesthetic and Community Integration

Reduced Risk of Odor and Pollution

Vignan’s Foundation of Science, Technology and Research STP Documentation

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