OS

LINUX
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE
 unix

COMMANDS
Command line interface

01. BASIC COMMANDS 02. MANAGEMENT

03. PERMISSIONS 04. NETWORKING

05. VOLUME 06.SHELL , BASH SCRIPT

One

1 BASIC COMMANDS
 01. Basic Command page no :1
1. pwd -- Print Working Directory.
2. mkdir dir-name -- create directories( folders).
3. mkdir dir1 dir2 -- create multiple dirtory
4. mkdir my-dir{1..5} --create the range of dir’s
5. mkdir -p demo/de2/de3/de4 -- to create dir within their parent dir
6. mkdir .my-dir -- to create the hidden dirtory
7. mkdir .dir1 .dir2 -- to craete multiple hidden dir
8. mkdir .my-dir{1..5} -- create the range of hidden dir’s
9. rmdir dir-name -- delete the particular dir
10. rm -rf dir-name -- force fully delete dir with files
 01. Basic Command page no :2

1. cd dir-name -- to change the dir to particular dir with dir-name

2. cd .. --one step back dirtory
3. cd ../.. -- two step back dirtory
4. cd --change current user home dirtory
5. cd ~ -- change current user home dirtory
6. cd / --- change the ”/ ” dirtory
7. cp -R <source path> <destination path> --- copy the dir one place to another place
8. cp -R /home/ubuntu/dir /home/sunil/ -- copy the dirtory one place to another
9. touch file.txt -- craete empty file
10. touch .file.txt -- create hidden empty files
 01. Basic Command page no :3

1. ls -- to list all normal files and dir

2. ls -a -- to list all the hidden and normal files
3. ls -l -- to list all normal files with their permission
4. ls -al -- to list the permissions of all hidden and normal file & dir's
5. ls -l file-name -- to list the permissions of particular file
6. ls -ld dir-name --to list the permissions of particular dir
7. ls -i -- to list the inode number of a file and dir’s
8. ls -i file-name -- to check particular file inode number
9. ls -id -- to check particular dir’s inode number
10. ls -lrt -- to list all the files and dir's based on their date & time
 page no :4
02. Basic Commands

1. timedatectl -- to check the date and time with time zone

2. sudo timedatectl list-timezones s -- to list the all time zones
3. sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Kolkata -- to set the timezone IST
4. sudo timedatectl set-time 2020-05-25 -- to change the date [yyyy-mm-dd]
5. sudo timedatectl set-ntp false -- disable the automatic time and date
6. sudo timedatectl set-ntp true -- enable the autmatic time and date
7. sudo timedatectl set-time 10:42:43 -- to change the time [hh:mm:ss]
 page no :5
03. vi / vim [visual editor & visual editor monitor]
1. vi
2. nano
3. vim
4. cat
vi -- editor
5. i -- insert mode(to edit mode the file)
6. Esc -- used for exit from editor mode ( chage to
execute mode)
7. :wq -- to save and quit the file
8. :q! -- to quit the file without saving forcefully
 page no :6
04. Linux editors

1. dd -- delete the line

2. yy -- copy the line
3. p -- past the line
4. u -- undo
5. :set hlsearch -- Highlight the searching word
6. :s/word ,?word -- search the word
7. :%s/arun/magi -- search and repace the word
8. rm filename -- delete the file
9. cp source dest -- copy the file(/home/ubuntu/file.txt
/home/ubuntu/demo/test/)
 page no :7

TWO

2 MANAGEMENT
 01. user and group management page no :8
Types of users:-
1) super user (root)
2) normal user
3) sudo user
1. sudo adduser username -- create the user with home dir and primary group
2. sudo useradd username -- create user with home dir
3. sudo userdel username -- delete the user
4. sudo cat /etc/passwd -- check the users
5. sudo cat /etc/shadow -- to check encripted password
6. sudo passwd username -- modify or set-up password for user
7. usermod -l login-name old-name -- change the username
8. users have UID (user ID) for the kernel referance & username is for our referance
 page no :9
Types of groups:
1. primary group --> the default group created while a user with the name as its username
2. secondary group --> except primary group if a user is present any other group is called
as secondary group

1. sudo groupadd groupname -- create the group

2. sudo groupdel groupname -- delete the group
3. groupmod -n <new groupname> <old groupname> -- change group name
4. sudo cat /etc/group -- check the group and group users
5. gpasswd <group name> -- set-up password for group
6. vim /etc/gshadow --to verify the password in encrypted format
 page no :10
1. gpasswd -a <secoundry group> <username> --> user add to secoundry group
2. usermod -G <secoundry group> <username> --> user add to secoundry group
3. usermod -a -G <secoundry group> <username> --> one user add to multiple group
4. gpasswd -d <username> <group name> --> deleting user from group
5. gpasswd -M <username1>,<username2> <group name> --> to add multiple
users into the group and it also removes the previously present users from group
 page no :11

THREE

3 PERMISSIONS
 page no :12
03. USER AND GROUP PERMISSION FOR FILES
 page no :13
03. user , group management and permission
Read Write Execute
4 2 1
0 - - -
1 - - X
2 - W -
3 - W X
4 R - -
5 R - X
6 R W -
7 R W X

1. sudo chmod 764 filename -- file permission for user and group
2. sudo chown user:group filename -- user permission for user and group
 page no :14
FILE
• default permission ===> root user ==> 644 (rw-r--r--)
• default permission ===> normal user ==> 664 (rw-rw-r--)
• max permission of file is ==> 666 (rw-rw-rw-)
• max permission of executable file ===> 777 (rwxrwxrwx)
DIRECTORY
• default permission ==> root user ==> 755 (rwxr-xr-x)
• default permission ==> normal user ==> 775 (rwxrwxr-x)
• max permission of dir is ==> 777 (rwxrwxrwx)
 page no :15
02. file management

1. sudo find / -type f -name file-name -- to find the file path

2. sudo find / -type d -name dir-name -- to find the dirtory path
3. sudo find / -type f -name ‘test* ‘ -- find the test starting all files
4. sudo find / - type f -neme ‘*.txt’ -- find the files ending with .txt all files
5. touch file-name -- create the empty files
6. echo “hello world ” -- print the word
7. free -- to check the memory (ram)
8. free -m -- to check the memory usage
9. nproc -- to check vcpu on server
10. du -h file-name -- memory utilaztion for file
 page no :16
02. file management

1. df --display the available file system info in blocks and disk’s

2. df -h -- display all the FS info in human readable format
3. df -k -- display FS info in KB's
4. df -m -- display FS info in MB's
5. df -T -- display FS info with its types
6. df -Th --display FS info in human readable format with filesystem type
 page no :17
03. file management

1. top -- to check the real-time running process and cpu and memory usage.
• PID -- Shows task’s unique process id.
• PR -- The process’s priority. The lower the number, the higher the priority.
• VIRT -- Total virtual memory used by the task.
• USER -- User name of owner of task.
• %CPU -- Represents the CPU usage.
• %MEM --Shows the Memory usage of task.
• COMMAND -- The name of the command that started the process. \
1. top -n 10 -- top 10 cpu and utlization process
2. top -u root -- to check the spcific user process
 page no :18

Four

4 GENREL COMMAND
Click here to add content of the text.
 page no :19
01. Regular Linux Commands

1. tar -cvf file.tar file1.txt file2.txt -- to compress two into one file
2. tar -cvf file.tar “file*” -- create the tar (zip) file or compressed file
3. tar -cvzf file.tar “file*” -- create extra commpressed file [10 gb -->2gb]
4. tar -xvf file.tar -- extract the tar file
5. tar -xvf file.tar -C dir-name -- extract the file to spcific folder
6. zip test.zip file1.txt file2.txt -- zip the files
7. zip test.zip file* -- zip the all files starting with files
8. unzip test.zip -- extrac the file in current dirtory
9. unzip test.zip -d /home/ubuntu -- diexterc the file in another dirtory
10. head -n 4 > output.txt -- output copy to new file
 page no :20
01. Regular Linux Commands

1. head file-name -- display the first 10 lines of file

2. head -n 30 file-name -- display the first 30 lines of file
3. head -c 200 file-name -- display the first 200 characters
4. head -v file-name -- display first 10 lines and output with verbose
5. head -n 4 > output.txt -- output copy to new file
6. tail file-name -- display the last 10 lines of file
7. tail -n 30 file-name -- display the last 30 lines of file
8. tail -c 200 file-name -- display the last 200 characters
9. tail -v file-name -- display the last 10 line with output with verbose
10. tail -n 4 > output.txt -- display the last 4 and output copy to new file
 page no :21
02. Regular Linux Commands

1. cat file-name -- display the content of file

2. cat -n file-name -- display the content with number lines in file
3. cat > file-name -- create the new file[ctrl+d -save the content]
4. cat >> file-name -- add the new line into bottom of already excited file
5. cat file1 file2 file3 > file4.txt -- copy the content of 3 files to file4.txt
6. > file.txt -- to dalete content
 page no :22
03. Regular Linux Commands

1. tac file-name -- display the content reversely

2. more file-name -- more command displays text, one screen at a time
3. more -s file-name -- to delete the gap between two lines.
4. more -5 file-name -- view first 5 lines
5. more +5 file-name -- view after 5 th line
6. less file-name -- less command displays text, one screen at a time
7. less -X file-name -- Keep content on screen after quitting
8. less -5 file-name -- forward and backward not suppoted
9. grep word file-name -- Search the word from file with full line
10. grep -o word file-name -- Search only work without full line
 page no :23
05. Reguler Linux Command

1. grep -v word file-name -- Search the without word all other lines.
2. grep -r word * . -- Search word from all files in current dirtory
3. grep -i word file-name -- Search the work without case sensitivity
4. grep -c word file-name -- count the word no.of time present in line
5. grep -n word file-name --Search the word and line number that containe
6. grep -w word file-name -- Search for exact matching word using the -w option
7. grep --color word file-name -- Search word with color
8. grep -A2 word file-name -- display the line after the result.
9. grep -B2 word file-name -- display the line before the result.
10. grep -C2 word file-name -- display the line after and line before the result.
 page no :24
04. Reguler Linux Command

1. cut -b 1,2,3 file-name -- Search the first three bytes in all rows.
2. cut -b 1-3,6-8 file-name -- Search the first three and next 5 to 7 bytes all rows.
3. cut -b 2- file-name -- Search the after 2 bytes in all rows.
4. cut -b -3 file-name -- Search the first three bytes in all rows.
5. cut -f 2 file-name -- Search the 2 field in table.[if sprated with tab]
6. cut -f 1,3 file-name -- Search the 1 and 3 field in table.[if sprated with tab]
7. cut -d “ ” -f 2,3 file-name -- Search the 2 and 3 field.[if sprated with -,:,;]
8. cut --complement -f 2 file-name -- Search the without 2 field.
9. cut --output-delimiter="_" -f 1,2 file-name -- Search the output with underscore.
10. cut -c 1,2,3 file-name -- Search the first three characters lines.
 page no :25
04. Reguler Linux Command

1. sort file-name -- sort used for arranging the records in a particular order.
2. sort filename > new-file-name -- arraged file copy to another file.
3. sort -r file-name -- Reverse-oder sort the file.
4. sort -n file-name -- Numer sorting .
5. sort -nr file-name -- Reverse number sorting.
6. sort -k 2 file-name --sort the secound column if that numbers.
7. sort -c file-name -- check the file already sorted or not .
8. sort -u file-name -- sort and remove the duplicates.
9. sort -M file-name -- sort by month.
10. ls -l | sort -nk 5 -- sort the files and dirtorys in size.
 page no :26
04. Reguler Linux Command

1. comm file1 file2 -- compare the two sorted files.

2. comm -1 file1 file2 -- compare two files and suppers lines unique to file1.
3. comm -2 file1 file2 -- compare two files and suppers lines unique to file2.
4. comm -3 file1 file2 --compare two files and suppers lines both file1 file2.
5. comm --check-order file1 file2 -- compare the file with order.
6. comm --nocheck-order file1 file2 --compare the files without order.
7. uniq file-name -- to check file without duplicates .
8. uniq -c file-name -- to count the duplicates .
9. uniq -d file-name -- to check only duplicated words.
10. uniq -u file-name --to check only uniq words.
 page no :27
04. Reguler Linux Command

1. sed ‘s/sad/happy/’ file-name -- find and replace new word in every line first occre.
2. sed ‘s/sad/hay/g’ file-name -- find and replace every where on file.
3. sed ‘s/sad/hay/3’ file-name -- replacing the nth occurrence of in same line a file.
4. sed ‘ 4 s/sad/hay/’ file-name -- replacing the word in only fourth line of file.
5. sed -n ‘ 4 s/sad/hay/p’ file-name -- print only replaced line of file.
6. sed ‘ y/sd/no/’ file-name -- find and replace the character.
7. sed ‘ y/sa/no/’ file-name > new-file -- find and replace the character and save to new.
8. sed ‘3d’ file-name -- delete the 3rd line on file
9. sed ‘1,3d’ file-name --delete the line range
10. sed ‘/unix/d’ file-name -- delete the line where ever unix is there.
 page no :28
04. Reguler Linux Command

1. cal | tee file-name -- save the calender in file

2. date | tee -a file-name --date also save exsiting file .(append the line in file)
3. cal | tee file1 file2 file3 -- calender save to multiple files.
4. time linux-command --to check the time take process to complete.
5. ps -aux -- list the all process running in server.
6. ps -aux | grep sleep -- to process id of sleep process
7. kill pid -- kill the process
8. kill -9 pid -- fource fully delete the process
9. apt install ncal -- to install calender in sever
 page no :29
04. Reguler Linux Command

1. cat filename | tr ‘a-z’ ‘A-Z’ -- to change all lower case into upper case.
2. cat filename | tr [:lower:] [:upper:] -- to change all lower case into upper case.
3. cat filename | tr -d character -- to delete the word in file.
4. wc file-name -- to count the no.of line,no.of words and no.of charater in file.
5. wc -l file-name -- count only no.of lines in file.
6. wc -c file-name -- count only no.of charters in file.
7. wc -w file-name -- count only no.of words in file.
8. sleep 10s --server will sleep 10s
9. cal;date -- display the cal and date at a same time
10. # commad -- # unused command
 page no :30
04. Reguler Linux Command

1. cat filename1 && cat filename2 -- if first command success after that only next will
run.
2. cat filename1 || cat filename2 -- if first command will fail but secound will run.
3. history -- to check the history of excuted commands.
4. history -c -- to clear the history
5. history 10 -- to check the history of excuted last 10 commands.
6. ln sorce-name destiname -- copy the file and live connection between files.
7. ln -s source-name dest-name -- make the soft link for file path
8. apt install -- Advanced Packaging Tool (ubntu,debian)
9. yum install -- Red Hat Package Manager (RPM)[ Fedora, CentOS,
RHEL, etc.]
 page no :31

FIVE

5 NETWORKING
 page no :32
05. Networking Commands

1. ifconfig (ip a) -- to check the privte ip address

2. curl ifconfig.me -- check the public ip address
3. nslookup google.com -- to check the ip for domin name
4. traceroute amazon.com -- to check the gateways to reach the website
5. telnet ip port -- service is connected or not
6. netstat -tulpn -- to check local connect(Active Internet connections (only
servers)
7. ping google.com -- to check the internet on server
8. ping -c 10 google.com -- ping the 10 times
9. curl url -- search the link
10. wget url -- to download the link file
 page no :33
05. Networking Commands

1. apt install firewalld

2. firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
3. firewall-cmd --reload
4. firewall-cmd --list-ports
5. systemctl status firewalld
6. firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-port=80/tcp --permanent
 page no :33
05. shortcut command

1. [root@172.22.32.34]# ----> root

2. [dev-user@172.22.32.34]$ ----> normal user
3. [dev-user@172.22.33.22 ~]$ --> perticuler user home dirtory
4. hostname --> to check hostname
5. hostnamectl set-hostname --> to set-up new hostname
6. reboot --> restart the server
7. poweroff --> stop the server
8. touch file{1..5}.txt ---> create the range of files
9. vi .text.txt ---> create the hidden file
 page no :34
06. Reguler Linux Command

Hard Link :
• A hard link acts as a copy (mirrored) of the selected file. It accesses the data available in
the original file.
• If the earlier selected file is deleted, the hard link to the file will still contain the data of
that file.
Soft Link :
• A soft link (also known as Symbolic link) acts as a pointer or a reference to the file
name. It does not access the data available in the original file.
• If the earlier file is deleted, the soft link will be pointing to a file that does not exist
anymore.
 page no :35
07. Reguler Linux Command

Absolute Path
• An Absolute Path is a full path specifying the location of a file or directory from the root
directory or start of the actual filesystem.
• Example: /home/javatpoint/Desktop/CollegeStudent
Relative Path
• The relative path of a file is its location relative to the current working directory. It never
starts with a slash (/). It begins with the ongoing work directory.
• Single Dot (.) resolves to the current directory.
• Double Dot (..) resolves to the parent directory of the present work directory.
• Tilde (~) represents the home directory of logged in user.
Disk Partitioning page no :36

• Disk Partitioning is the process of dividing a disk into one or more logical areas,
often known as partitions, on which the user can work separately.
• It is one step of disk formatting.
• If a partition is created, the disk will store the information about the location
and size of partitions in the partition table.
Why we need it?
• To upgrade Hard Disk (to incorporate new Hard Disk to the system)
• Dual Booting (Multiple Operating Systems on the same system)
• Efficient disk management
• Ensure backup and security
• Work with different File Systems using the same system
Linux File System page no :37

• A Linux file system is a structured collection of files on a disk drive or a

partition. A partition is a segment of memory and contains some specific data.
• In our machine, there can be various partitions of the memory.
• Generally, every partition contains a file system.
• The general-purpose computer system needs to store data systematically so
that we can easily access the files in less time.
 page no :38
09. volume mounting

1. sudo lsblk -- to check file partion.

2. sudo fdisk /dev/xvdf -- to create the partion
3. sudo file -s /dev/xvdf -- to check file system
4. sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/xvdf -- to create the file system for disk
5. sudo mount /dev/xvdf /home/ubuntu/dir-name -- mount the volume
6. sudo umount /home/ubuntu/dir -- unmount the disk
7. sudo df -h -- to check mounted disks
src-server dest-server
src-server
apt update
apt install nfs-kernel-server
sysemctl restart nfs-kernel-server
vi /etc/exports
/mnt/nfs_share 10.0.2.15(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)
systemctl restart nfs-kernel-server
dest-server
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nfs-common
mkdir test
sudo mount ip:/home/ubuntu test
allow the nfs port in src and dest secuty group
 page no :39
11. umask (user mask)

1. root user’s dufalt umask value 022

2. normal user’s dufalt umask value 002

for dirctory 777 for file 666

permission - 655 pemission - 655
umask value=122 umask value= 011

1. umask -p -- to check current umask value of user

2. umask -S --to check permission
3. umask 102 -- to set up umask value for user
 page no :40
11. umask (user mask)

1. vi /etc/sudoers -- change normal user into sudo user

2. user-name ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
3. vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config -- set custom port for linux and user login enable
4. Port 21
5. PermitRootLogin yes
6. PubkeyAuthentication yes
7. PasswordAuthentication yes
8. sudo systemctl restart sshd -- restart the sshd
9. hostnamectl -- to check os and version
10. cat /etc/os-release -- to check os and version
 page no :41
12. key and sevice

1. ssh-keygen -- to genrate public and private key

2. ssh-copy-id ubuntu@172.22.333.4 -- copy the key another server
3. scp -r file.txt ubuntu@172.22.333.4 -- copy the file one sever to another
4. cd /home/ubuntu/.ssh/ -- check public key and private key of ubuntu user
5. cd /root/.ssh -- check root account public and private key
 page no :41
12. key and sevice

1. sudo apt update -- to check the version

2. sudo apt upgrade -- update the application to new version
3. sudo apt install apache2 -- install the apache2 application in ubuntu
4. sudo yum update -- update the centos os
5. sudo yun install httpd -- install httpd in centos
6. sudo systemctl enable apache2 -- enable the apache2 application
7. sudo systemctl start apache2 -- start the apalication
8. sudo systemctl stop apache2 -- stop the application
9. sudo systemctl status apache2 -- to check the status of application
10. sudo systemctl restart apache2 -- restart application
 page no :41
12. key and sevice

1. sudo apt-get remove apache2 --

2. apt-get purge apache2 -- remove application
Linux Directory Structure page no :42
1. / page no :43
This is the root directory which should contain only the directories needed at
the top level of the file structure
2 /bin
This is where the executable files are located. These files are available to all
users
3 /dev
These are device drivers
4 /etc
Supervisor directory commands, configuration files, disk configuration files,
valid user lists, groups, ethernet, hosts, where to send critical messages
5 /lib
Contains shared library files and sometimes other kernel-related files
6 /boot
Contains files for booting the system
7 /home page no :44
Contains the home directory for users and other accounts
8 /mnt
Used to mount other temporary file systems, such as cdrom and floppy for
the CD-ROM drive and floppy diskette drive, respectively
9 /proc
Contains all processes marked as a file by process number or other
information that is dynamic to the system
10 /tmp
Holds temporary files used between system boots
11 /usr
Used for miscellaneous purposes, and can be used by many users. Includes
administrative commands, shared files, library files, and others
 page no :45
12 /var
Typically contains variable-length files such as log and print files and any
other type of file that may contain a variable amount of data
13 /sbin
Contains binary (executable) files, usually for system administration. For
example, fdisk and ifconfig utlities
14 /kernel
Contains kernel files
What is Shell?
page no :46

• Shell is a UNIX term for an interface between a user and an operating system
service.
• Shell provides users with an interface and accepts human-readable commands
into the system and executes those commands which can run automatically and
give the program’s output in a shell script.
Types of shell
• Bash (Bourne Again SHell)
• c shell
• ksh shell (korn shell)
• zsh shell
Shell Scripting page no :47

• sh is also called Bourne Shell . sh is implemented by programs like dash, kash, and
original Bourne Shell.
• sh is not a programming language itself. It is just a specification.
• Users can provide human-readable commands to a shell and then shell convert
them into kernel understandable form.
• For avoiding manual and repeted work.
• Shell scripting is used by system admins for many routine backups.
crontab -e -- set up cronjob page no :48
crontab -l -- check the cron jobs
cd /root -- cron executed files if root is set-up cronjob
 sample script install apache2 page no :49
#!/bin/sh #!/bin/sh
pwd apt update -y
mkdir demo apt install apache2 -y
cd demo sudo systemctl restart apache2
pwd sudo systemctl enable apache2
touch file.txt sleep 10s
echo “this new dirtory” > file.txt cd /var/www/html/
cp file.txt /home/ubuntu rm -rf index.html
ls -l echo “this is my script” > index.html
chmod 655 file.txt systemctl restart apache2
 page no :50
script for send log file to aws s3

#!/bin/sh
pwd
cd /var/log/apache2/
#copy the access.log file to s3 bucket
aws s3 cp -r * s3://test234567875/
sleep 20s
# delete the file content without deleteing file
> access.log
 page no :51
#!/bin/sh
apt update -y
apt install unzip -y
sleep 20s
curl "https://awscli.amazonaws.com/awscli-exe-linux-x86_64.zip" -o "awscliv2.zip"
10s
unzip awscliv2.zip
3m
sudo ./aws/install
1m
BASH SCRIPT page no :52

• Bash Scripting is a powerful part of system administration and development used

at an extreme level.
• It is used by the System Administrators, Network Engineers, Developers,
Scientists, and everyone who use Linux/Unix operating system.
• They use Bash for system administration, data crunching, web application
deployment, automated backups, creating custom scripts for various pages, etc.
• A Bash script is a computer program written in the Bash programming language.
• It is used to automate repetitive tasks on Linux filesystem
 print statment Add the command in bash script page no :53
#! /bin/bash
#!/bin/bash
# This is the basic bash script

echo " Hello World! " #This is a single-line comment in Bash Script.
echo "Enter your name:"
Bash variables
read name
#! /bin/bash echo
# User-Defined Variables #echo output, its also a single line comment
name=Peter echo "The current user name is $name"
ROLL_NO=5245325 #This is another single line comment
echo "The student name is $name and his Roll
number is $ROLL_NO."
 Bash Arithmetic Operators page no :54

Num1=10 Num1=10
Num2=3 Num2=3
A=$((Num1+Num2)) A=$((Num1*Num2))
echo "Sum = $A" echo "Sum = $A"

Num1=10 Num1=10

Num2=3 Num2=3

A= (Num1-Num2)) A=$((Num1/Num2))

echo "Sum = $A" echo "Sum = $A"

 if statements page no :55
#!/bin/bash #!/bin/bash

#if condition (greater than) is true #if condition (equal to) is true
if [ 10 -gt 3 ]; if [ 10 -eq 10 ];
then then
echo "10 is greater than 3." echo "10 is equal to 10."
fi fi
#!/bin/bash #!/bin/bash

#if condition (lesser than) is true # TRUE && TRUE

if [ 3 -lt 10 ]; if [ 8 -gt 6 ] && [ 10 -eq 10 ];
then then
echo "3 is less than 10." echo "Conditions are true"
fi fi
 page no :56
Bash If Else

#!/bin/bash #!/bin/bash

#when the condition is true #when the condition is false

if [ 10 -gt 3 ]; if [ 3 -gt 10 ];
then then
echo "10 is greater than 3." echo "3 is greater than 10."
else else
echo "10 is not greater than 3." echo "3 is not greater than 10."
fi fi
 page no :57
Bash For Loop

#!/bin/bash
#!/bin/bash
for num in {1..10}
#For Loop to Read Three-expression
do
echo $num
for ((i=1; i<=10; i++))
done
do
echo "$i"
echo "Series of numbers from 1 to 10."
done
 page no :58
while loop
#!/bin/bash
#Table of 2
#!/bin/bash
for table in {2..100..2} #An infinite while loop
do
echo $table while true
if [ $table == 20 ]; then do
break echo "Welcome to linux class.";
fi done
done
 page no :59
bash sh
Bourne Again SHell SHell
bash is the default SHELL sh is the not default SHELL
#!/bin/bash #!/bin/sh
It has more Functionality with up- It has less functionality.
gradation.
Easy to use not as easy as bash
less portable than sh. more portable than bash.
Bash scripting is scripting specifically Shell scripting is scripting in any shell
for Bash
supports command history. does not supports command histoy.
Developed by Brain Fox Developed by Stephen R. Bourne
 page no :60

See you tomorrow

THANK YOU
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