3I's - Module 8

COMMUNICATING
THE OUTCOME OF A
SCIENTIFIC
INVESTIGATION
Importance of
Publication
• Any research undertaking that is not
communicated to concerned
stakeholders, that is, the general
public, funding agencies, and the
scientific community, is not
considered to have transpired at all.
Culminating activity of
an inquiry
• Conveying the outcome of your study.
• Communicating the outcome of your
study.
• Interconnection with members of
scientific community
• The continued growth and advancement.
Modes of
Communication
• Scientific or technical
publication/posters
• PowerPoint Presentations
• Lectures and talks or symposia
• Mainstream media
Journal/Research
Article
• Reports are usually written following
the style of a journal/research article
in publications.
Thesis or Dissertation
• Writing theses or dissertations is
another way of making known the
results of your research project or
inquiry.
Oral Presentations
• Before oral presentations are made,

organizers often require interested
researchers to submit an abstract for
evaluation by a screening committee.
Poster Presentations
• As there is very limited time during

technical conferences or meetings,
not all submitted abstracts may be
accommodated for oral presentations.
Structure and Format
of a Scientific Paper
• When do you write a report?
• Who are your target readers and
audience?
• What is the purpose or reason for
writing your report?
• Title
• Names of the researchers, contact
details, and affiliations
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Methodology
• results
• Discussion
• Conclusion and recommendations
• Acknowledgements and references
• Publication
Defense of a Written
Research Report
• Giving a talk is another mode of
communicating the results of your
research project.
Defending your study
means being able to do
the following:
• Substantiate the need to carry out the study
based on your research problem.
• Justify your approach or chosen methodology
to meet your objectives
• Cleary explain your findings, with aid ot tables
or graphs
Defending your study
means being able to do
the following:
• Provide a rational conclusion

• Map out a plan of action leading to a new
direction.
The following criteria will
help you prepare for an
oral presentation before
an evaluation committee
• Know your audience
• Develop a catchy title to arouse the
reader’s interest.
• Organize your presentation
• Project a sense of self-confidence to earn
the audience’s trust by direct eye contact.
• Speak loudly and clearly.
• Manage your presentation time
• Dress appropriately
• Answer the questions raised by your
audience to the best of your ability.
CREATING A
POWERPOINT
PRESENTATION
• When delivering a talk or an oral
presentation, you engage your
audience in your "story," which is
meant not only to inform but to
inspire.
• The first slide must show the title
of your presentation with a
subtitle that includes your current
affiliation including your email
address.
• You only need to type in the
information want to include in the
presentation that you think would
be helpful in stressing your ideas.
• Your slides should not be busy, and
you can do this by incorporating
charts, tables, photographs, and
other graphics.
• As a rule, font type and size should
be easily read by your audience
especially if you are to deliver your
talk in a large venue.
• Most often, you can keep the font sure of
the text above 26 pt. You may include
animation, but keep it subtle so as not to
distract your audience.
• Your presentation should briefly discuss the
introduction (background of the study), the
objectives which include the statement of
the research problems recommendations,
references, and acknowledgement.
• Use bullets to itemize all the
information you will share.
• Do not type in lengthy
paragraphs.
• The visual aid is similar to a cue
card that show only key words.
• In each slide, include a maximum of
10 bulleted items. A slide that is
overloaded with information can bore
your audience.
• Overall, you have to keep it simple,
be consistent with your format , style,
font sizes, and put in extra effort to
make it attractive.

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COMMUNICATING

• Before oral presentations are made,

• As there is very limited time during

• Provide a rational conclusion

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