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Packages in Java

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Ritik Sharma
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7 views

Packages in Java

Uploaded by

Ritik Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Baba Ghulam shah Badshah Badshah university

Presentation tittle on : Package


In Java
TEAM MEMBERS
Haleem (22-CSE-2022)
Irbaz Sadiq(31-CSE-2022)
Wamik (15-CSE-2022)
Amul Shandel(09-CSE-2022)
Package
Package in Java is a mechanism to encapsulate a group of classes, sub packages
and interfaces. Packages are used for:

• Preventing naming conflicts. For example there can be two classes with name
Employee in two packages, college. staff. Cse . Employee and college . staff.
ee . Employee
• Making searching/locating and usage of classes, interfaces, enumerations and
annotations easier
• Providing controlled access: protected and default have package level access
control. A protected member is accessible by classes in the same package and
its subclasses. A default member (without any access specifier) is accessible
by classes in the same package only.
• Packages can be considered as data encapsulation (or data-hiding).
How packages work?
• Packages help organize your Java code and prevent naming conflicts.
If you’re looking to master package creation and management in
large Java applications, the Java Programming Course provides
comprehensive lessons and hands-on exercises

• Package names and directory structure are closely related. For


example if a package name is college.staff.cse, then there are three
directories, college, staffand cse such that cse is present in staff and
staff is present inside college. Also, the directory college is
accessible through CLASSPATH variable, i.e., path of parent directory
of college is present in CLASSPATH. The idea is to make sure that
classes are easy to locate.
• Package naming conventions : Packages are named in
reverse order of domain names, i.e., org.geeksforgeeks.practice.
For example, in a college, the recommended convention is
college.tech.cse, college.tech.ee, college.art.history, etc.

• Adding a class to a Package : We can add more classes to a


created package by using package name at the top of the
program and saving it in the package directory. We need a new
java file to define a public class, otherwise we can add the new
class to an existing .java file and recompile it.

• Subpackages: Packages that are inside another package are the


subpackages. These are not imported by default, they have to
imported explicitly. Also, members of a subpackage have no
access privileges, i.e., they are considered as different package
for protected and default access specifiers.
Accessing classes inside a package

• Consider following two statements :

// import the Vector class from util package.


import java.util.vector;
// import all the classes from util package
import java.util.*;
• First Statement is used to import Vector class from util package which is contained
inside java.
• Second statement imports all the classes from util package.
Types of Packages

Packages in Java can be categorised into 2 categories.

• Built-in / predefined packages


• User-defined packages.
Built-in packages
When we install Java on a personal computer or laptop, many
packages are automatically installed. Each of these packages is
unique and capable of handling various tasks. This eliminates the
need to build everything from scratch. Here are some examples of
built-in packages in Java:

• java.lang
• java.io
• java.util
• java.applet
• java.awt
• java.net
User-defined packages

User-defined packages in Java are those that developers create


to incorporate different needs of applications. In simple terms,
User-defined packages are those that the users define. Inside a
package, you can have Java files like classes, interfaces, and a
package as well (called a sub-package).
Steps to Create Package
First we create a directory myPackage (name should be same as the name of the package).
Then create the MyClass inside the directory with the first statement being the package
names.

// Name of the package must be same as the directory


// under which this file is saved
package myPackage;

public class MyClass


{
public void getNames(String s)
{
System.out.println(s);
}
}
Now we can use the MyClass class in our program.

/* import 'MyClass' class from 'names' myPackage */


import myPackage.MyClass;

public class PrintName


{
public static void main(String args[])
{
// Initializing the String variable
// with a value
String name = "GeeksforGeeks";

// Creating an instance of class MyClass in


// the package.
MyClass obj = new MyClass();

obj.getNames(name);
}
}
• Note : MyClass.java must be saved inside the myPackage directory since it is a part of the
package.

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