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    PPT-tour

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    PPT-tour

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    PPT-tour

    Uploaded by

    Ma Leslie

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    Chapter 10: Sustainable

    Development and Responsible


    Tourism

    International Tourism Futures © Clare Lade, Paul Strickland, Elspeth Frew, Paul Willard, Swati Nagpal, Sandra Cherro Osorio, Peter Vitartas.
    All rights reserved 2020
    Chapter Outline
    • Introduction
    • Tourism and sustainable development
    • The three pillars of sustainability
    • The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
    • Responsible tourism – whose responsibility?
    • A systems approach to responsible tourism
    • Summary
    • Case study and additional resources

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020


    Introduction
    • International tourist arrivals expected to increase from 1.5 billion in 2019
    to 1.8 billion in 2030.
    • What does this mean for the tourism industry?
    • What impact does this growth have on the economy, society and the environment?
    • Global ‘wicked’ sustainability challenges
    • Need a new approach to solving these challenges
    • Drivers for sustainability in tourism industry:
    • Dissatisfaction with existing products
    • Growing environmental and cultural sensitivity
    • Finite and vulnerable resources
    • Changing attitudes of developers and tour operators

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020


    Tourism and Sustainable Development

    ‘Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the


    present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
    their own needs’
    (WCED, 1987: 41).

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020


    The Three Pillars of Sustainability

    Society Economy

    Sustainable

    Environment

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020


    The Three Pillars of Sustainability - Examples

    Economy Society Environment


    Revenue generation Increased traffic Emissions
    Job creation Crime Waste
    Economic prosperity Exploitation Pollution
    Innovation Changing customs and Land degradation
    New markets norms Biodiversity loss
    Water shortage

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020


    Sustainable Tourism

    ‘Sustainable tourism development meets the needs of present tourists


    and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the
    future. It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in
    such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled
    while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes,
    biological diversity and life support systems.’
    (UNWTO, 2005).

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020


    The UN Sustainable Development Goals
    (SDGs)

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020


    The SDGs and Tourism
    Tourism can be linked to national poverty reduction strategies and entrepreneurship through low skills
    requirements and local recruitment.

    Tourism can spur sustainable agriculture by promoting production, supplies to hotels, and sales of
    local products to tourists.

    Tax income generated from tourism and visitors' fees collected in protected areas can be reinvested in
    health care and services.

    Capacity and skills need to be built to ensure the tourism sector can prosper and provide job
    opportunities for youth, women and those with special needs.

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020


    The SDGs and Tourism
    Decent work opportunities in tourism, particularly for youth and women, and policies that
    favour better diversification through tourism value chains can enhance tourism’s positive
    socioeconomic impacts.

    Sustainable tourism can engage local populations and all stakeholders in tourism
    development and contribute to urban renewal and rural development.

    Tourism stakeholders can play a critical leading role in fighting climate change by reducing
    their carbon footprints.

    Tourism can help foster multicultural and interfaith tolerance and understanding, and
    peace in post-conflict societies.

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020


    Responsible Tourism

    If sustainability is the goal, then responsible tourism is how to get


    there. It is about the decisions and actions people take to make tourism
    more sustainable in the long run.

    (Goodwin, 2011).

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020


    Responsible Tourism - Whose Responsibility?
    • Sustainability is the goal and responsible tourism is the means
    • How can tourism be made more sustainable?
    • Innovation and disruption
    • Building, rather than destroying the three pillars of sustainability
    • Complexity increased through multiple stakeholders
    • Not only whose responsibility – to whom and for what is tourism
    responsible?

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020


    Systems Thinking
    ‘A system is an interconnected set of elements that is coherently
    organized in a way that achieves something. If you look at that
    definition closely for a minute, you can see that a system must consist
    of three kinds of things: elements, interconnections, and a function or
    purpose.’
    (Meadows, 2008)

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020


    A Systems Approach to Responsible Tourism
    • Wicked problems – complex and interrelated
    • Tourism system
    • Long term, rather than short term view
    • Example - Systems thinking: a cautionary tale (cats in Borneo)

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020


    Summary
    • Future depends on inter and intra-generational sustainability
    challenges
    • Industry dependent on planetary boundaries and limits to growth
    • Responsible management of change and transitions
    • Systems and multi-stakeholder approach required

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020


    Case Study
    Case Study: iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa

    Discussion Questions
    1. Describe and discuss the relevant UN Sustainable Development Goals
    in relation to this case study.
    2. To what extent do you agree with the critique of ‘Conservation for
    Development’ in the case of the iSimangaliso Wetland Park?

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020


    Additional Resources
    • UN World Tourism Organisation and sustainable development -
    https://www.unwto.org/sustainable-development
    • Sustainable Development Goals -
    https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/
    • Journal of Sustainable Tourism -
    https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/rsus20/current

    International Tourism Futures © Goodfellow Publishers 2020

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