IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST

BENEFICENT, THE MOST MERCIFUL.

 Hydraulics
(CE-303)

Engr. Ateeq-ur-
Rauf
Department of Civil Engineering,
U.E.T Peshawar (Bannu Campus)
Assignment Solution
 Open Channels Assignment Solution

Problem # 1.
Determine the most efficient section of a trapezoidal channel, n=0.025, to carry 450 cusecs. To
prevent scouring, the maximum velocity is to be 3.00 ft/sec and the slide slope of the trapezoidal
channel are 1 vertical to 2 horizontal. Also find Slope So of the channel.
Open Channels Assignment Solution
Open Channels Assignment Solution

Problem # 2.
A channel has a trapezoidal cross-section with a base width of 0.6 m and sides sloping at 45 0.
When the flow along the channel is 20 m 3 min-1, determine the critical depth
Open Channels Assignment Solution
Open Channels Assignment Solution

Problem 3 :
Compute the rate of flow in a trapezoidal channel with a 10- foot bottom
width and side slopes of 1 vertical to 2 horizontal when the Depth of uniform
flow in the channel is 9.23ft. The channel slope is 0.002 and Manning's n =
0.013.

Department of Civil Engineering

Engr.Ateeq-ur-Rauf U.E.T Peshawar (Bannu Campus) 12/17/24 8
Open Channels Assignment Solution
Open Channels Assignment Solution

Problem # 4
A rectangular channel 2.5m wide has a specific energy of 1.5m when carrying a discharge
of 6.48 m3/sec . Calculate the alternate depths and corresponding Froude numbers.

Solution
2 2
V Q
E y  y 
2g 2 gB 2 y 2

1.5  y 
6.48
2

2 9.812.5 y
2 2

0.34243
y  2
y
Open Channels Assignment Solution

 Solving this equation by trial and error, the

alternate
y1 depths
y2 and areyobtained
1.296 m as
1
and
 y 2 0.625 m .
 V 6.48 0.82756
F  
gy 2.5 y  9.81 y
32
 Froude number y
 At y1 1.296 m F,1 0.561 ;and
 at y2 0.625 m F, 2 1.675
 The depthy1 1.296 m is in the subcritical flow
region and the 0.625 m
y2 depth is the supercritical
flow region.

11
Open Channels Assignment Solution

Problem # 5 A flow m3 s
5.0of is passing at
a depth of 1.5 m through a rectangular
channel of width 2.5 m. The kinetic energy
correction factor α is found to be 1.20. what
is the specific energy of the flow? what is the
value of the depth alternate to the existing
depth if α =1.0 is assumed for the alternate
flow ?
Q 5.0
V1   1.33 m s
Solution A 2.5 1.5

1
V1
2
1.20 

1.33
2
0.1087 m
2g 2 9.81

12
Open Channels Assignment Solution

 Specific energy
2
V
E1  y1  1
1
1.5  0.1087
2g
 1.6087
For the alternate depthm ,
y2
5.0 
2
1.6087 sin ce  2 1.0 
2 
yi.e.

2 9.812.5 y2 
2

0.2039
y2  2
1.6087
 By trial and error y 2

y2 0.413 m

13
Open Channels Assignment Solution

Problem # 6
A discharge of 16.0m3/sec flows with a depth of 2.0 m in
a rectangular channel 4.0 m wide. At a downstream
section the width is reduced to 3.5 m and the channel bed
is raised by Z. Analysis the water-surface elevations in
the transitions when (a)Z=0.20m and(b)Z=0.35m.
Open Channels Assignment Solution

Solution
 Let the suffixes 1 and 2 refer to the upstream and
 downstream sections respectively.
 At the upstream section, V1 
16
2.0 m s
4 2
V1 2.0
F1 Froude number   0.452
gy1 9.81 2.0
V12 2 g 0.204 m
 The upstream flow is subcritical and the transition
will cause a drop in the water surface elevation.

E1 2.0  0.204 2.204 m

q2 dischange intensity at the downstream section
Q 16.0
  4.571 m 3 s m
B 3 .5
15
Open Channels Assignment Solution

yc 2 critical depth corresponding to q2

13 13
q 
2
 4.571 
2
  
2
 1.287 m
 g   9.81 
3
Ec 2  yc 2 1.930 m
2
Z
 (a) When = 0.2 m
E2 available specific energy at section 2
E1  Z 2.204  0.20 2.004 m  Ec 2
y 2  yc 2
 Hence the depth y1 and the upstream
depth will remain unchanged
V22 at .
y2   Z E1
2g 16
Open Channels Assignment Solution

y2 
4.571
2
2.204  0.20
2
2 9.81y 2
1.065
y2  2 2.004
y2
y2
 Solving by trial and error, = 1.575 m.
 Hence when Z = 0.20y1 m, = 2.00y2m and
= 1.575 mZ
 (b) When = 0.35,
E2 available specific energy at section 2
2.204  0.350 1.854 m  Ec 2
 Hence the contraction will be working under
choked conditions. The upstream depth must rise
y2  ytotal
to create a higher c 2 1head.
.287 mThe depth of flow at
section 2 will be critical withy '1 17
.
Open Channels Assignment Solution

Q2
y '1  2 2
Ec 2  Z 1.930  0.350
2 gB1 y '1
y '1 
 16
2
2.28
2 9.814.0  y '1
2 2

 i.e. 0.8155
y '1  2
2.280
y '1
 By trial-and-error,
 The upstream depth will therefore rise by
0.094 m due to the choked condition at the Z
constriction. Hence, when = 0.35 m
y '1 2.094
y2  yc 2 1.287 m 18
Open Channels Assignment Solution

Problem # 7A rectangular channel has a width

3
m s of 4.80
of 2.0 m and carries a discharge with
a depth of 1.60 m. At a certain section a small,
smooth hump with a flat top and of height 0.10 m
is proposed to be built. Calculate the likely
change in the water surface. Neglect the energy
loss.
Solution
 Let the suffixes 1 and 2 refer to the upstream
4.8 3
q  2.40 m s m
and downstream sections respectively as in Fig.
2.9. 2.0
2
2.40 V1
V1  1.50 m s , 0.115 m
1.6 2g
19
Open Channels Assignment Solution

1 V1
F gy1 0.391 , hence the upstream
flow is subcritical and the hump will cause a
drop in the water-surface elevation.
E1 1.60  0.115 1.7515 m
 At section 2,
E2 E1  Z 1.715  0.10 1.615 m
13
 2.4 
2

yc  
 0.837 m
 9.81 
Ec 1.5 yc 1.256 m

20
Open Channels Assignment Solution

 The minimum specific energy at sectionEc2, 2

E2
is less than , the available specific energy at
y 2  yc
that section. Hence and the upstreamy1
depth y2 The depth
will remain unchanged. is
calculated by solving the specific-energy relation
V22
y2  E2
2g

 i.e. y2 
2 .4 
2
1.615
2
2 9.81y2
 Solving by trial and error,
y2 1.481 m

21
THE END