Macro Processors

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 Introduction

 Concept

» A macro instruction is a notational convenience for the programmer

» It allows the programmer to write shorthand version of a program

(module programming)

» The macro processor replaces each macro invocation with the

corresponding sequence of statements (expanding)

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 Introduction
» The MACRO statement identifies the beginning of a macro definition

» •The symbol in the label field is the name of the instruction

» •The entries in the operand field identify the parameter of the macro instruction

» •Each parameter begins with the character &

» •The MEND assembler directive marks the end of the macro definition

» •A macro invocation statement gives the name of the macro instruction being

invoked and the arguments to be used in expanding the macro

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 Basic macro processor
functions :Macro Definition &
Expansion
 * Two new assembler directives are used in macro definition-
» MACRO:identify the beginning of a macro definition-MEND:identify the
end of a macro definition
» * Prototype for the macro
– Each parameter begins with ‘&’
Name MACRO Parameters
:
Body
:
MEND
– Body: the statements that will be generated as the
expansion of themacro.

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 Macro expansion
 Each macro invocation statement will be expanded
into the statements that form the body of the macro.
 Arguments from the macro invocation are substituted
for the parameters in the macro prototype (according
to their positions).
» In the definition of macro: parameter

» In the macro invocation: argument

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 Macro vs. Subroutine

 Macro
» the statement of expansion are generated each time the
macro are invoked

 Subroutine
» the statement in a subroutine appears only once

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 Macro Processor

 Recognize macro definitions

 Save the macro definition
 Recognize macro calls
 Expand macro calls

Source
Macro Expanded Compiler or obj
Code
(with macro) Processor Code Assembler

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Expanded program
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 Macro Definition

 copy code
 parameter substitution
 conditional macro expansion
 macro instruction defining macros

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 Copy code -- Example

Source Expanded source

STRG MACRO .
STA DATA1 .
STB DATA2 .

{
STX DATA3 STA DATA1
MEND STB DATA2
. STX DATA3
STRG .

{
. STA DATA1
STRG STB DATA2
. STX DATA3
. .

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 Parameter Substitution --
Example

Source Expanded souce

STRG MACRO &a1, &a2, &a3 .
STA &a1 .
STB &a2 .

{
STX &a3 STA DATA1
MEND STB DATA2
. STX DATA3
STRG DATA1, DATA2, DATA3 .

{
. STA DATA4
STRG DATA4, DATA5, DATA6 STB DATA5
. STX DATA6
. .

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 Parameter Substitution

» Positional argument
STRG DATA1, DATA2, DATA3

GENER ,,DIRECT,,,,,,3

» Keyword argument
STRG &a3=DATA1, &a2=DATA2, &a1=DATA3
GENER TYPE=DIRECT, CHANNEL=3

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Conditional macro expansion

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Nested macro calls

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Nested macro definition

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 One-Pass Macro Processor

 Prerequisite
» every macro must be defined before it is called
 Sub-procedures
» macro definition: DEFINE
» macro invocation: EXPAND
NAMTAB

MACRO DEFINE DEFTAB

PROCESSLINE
CALL
EXPAND ARGTAB

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 Data Structures -- Global
Variables

 DEFTAB
 NAMTAB
 ARGTAB

EXPANDING

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