ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND

PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

WRITING PROCESS
 BEFORE ANYTHING ELSE!!

WHAT IS CREATIVE WHAT IS TECHNICAL

WRITING? WRITING?
• Imagination plays an • The goal of the author
important role. is to inform the reader.
• To be able to
• It is mostly open for
communicate the same
different ideas as the author. No
interpretations from room for other
readers. interpretations.
• Made up worlds, • Backed up with evidence
languages and and facts.
cultures may come
PRE-WRITING
 PRE-WRITING

• The planning process,

which consists of
determining your
purpose and audience,
narrowing your topic
and creating a
framework for your
documentation.
 UNDERSTANDING THE ASSIGNMENT

• Read the prompt

carefully: Make sure you
understand what is being
asked.
• What am I going to write
about again?
• What am I going to research?
• What field will it about?
 UNDERSTANDING THE ASSIGNMENT

• Identify the purpose:

Determine if the writing is
intended to inform, persuade,
entertain, or analyze.
• What is my purpose of writing?
• Is it to inform?
• To persuade?
• To express?
 CHOOSE A TOPIC

• Brainstorm ideas:
List potential topics
that interest you.
• What topics do I want
to write about?
• Am I really interested
on this topic?
 CHOOSE A TOPIC

• Narrow down options:

Select a topic that is not too
broad or too narrow for the
assignment.
• Will this be confusing or to
boring?
• Will I have enough
information or will I have
too many information?
 GENERATING IDEAS

• Freewriting: Write
continuously for a set period
without worrying about
grammar.
• Mind mapping: Create a
visual representation of your
ideas and how they connect.
• Listing: Write a list of ideas,
arguments, or points you
want to include.
 TEXT STRUCTURE

• Text Structure: Select a

structure you will be using
such as Narrative,
Descriptive, Persuasive or
Compare and Contrast.
• What structure fits my topic
more?
• Will it serve my purpose?
 CHOOSING TONE AND MOOD

• Choose how you will

be writing.
• Tone: Consistency of
tone will deliver that you
know your text.
• Mood: Will you be
humorous or serious?
 WRITING EXERCISE

• On a ½ crosswise
yellow paper.
• Crosswise, sir? Yes.
• ½ po? Yes.
• Ung ganito!
 WRITING EXERCISE

• For 3 minutes.
• Choose a topic based on your strand.
• Answer the following questions from the pre-writing step. (5pts
each)
• 1. What is your purpose for writing?
• 2. For whom are you writing? Why?
• 3. What are you trying to communicate?
• 4. What structure are you going to use?
• 5. How do you want to sound to your reader/audience? Why?
FREEWRITING
 WHAT IS FREEWRITING?

• This is the practice

of writing down all
your thoughts
without stopping,
and without regard
for spelling,
grammar, or any of
 WRITING EXERCISE: FREEWRITING

• For the next 5 minutes.

• On a separate ½ crosswise yellow paper.
• You will be freewriting. Write words or phrases
related to the topic you chose and it reflects idea
of the topic.
• You can list as many as you can.
• Whoever stop writing while the timer is running,
you will be submitting your paper.
CLUSTERING
 CLUSTERING

• A strategy that allows you to

explore the relationships
between ideas.
• Put the subject in the center
of a page.
• Circle or underline it.
• As you think of other ideas,
write them on the page
surrounding the central
idea.
OUTLINING
 OUTLINING

• a tool for planning your

essay's organization and
content.
• Map of your essay.
• It helps you see the
structure your essay will
take, including the
relationship between its
different kinds of content
and how you will order that
WRITING
 INTRODUCTION

• This is very important because it is

the part where the writer captivates
their readers.
• Your purpose and your main point
needs to be here.
• This needs to contain your Thesis
Statement.
 INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS

• Hook:
• An engaging opening
sentence that draws
the reader in. This
could be a quote, a
surprising fact, a
question, or a brief
anecdote.
 HOOK EXAMPLE

• Hook: "In an age where

technology permeates every
aspect of our lives, the
question arises: are we
becoming too dependent on
our devices?"
 INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS

• Background
Information:
• Provides context about
the topic. This may
include relevant
definitions, historical
background, or an
overview of the issue
at hand.
 BACKGROUND/CONTEXT

• Background Information:

• As smartphones, tablets, and computers

become ubiquitous, there is a growing
concern about the impact of technology on
our cognitive abilities, social
interactions, and overall well-being.
 INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS

• Importance of the
Topic:
• Explains why the
topic is significant
or relevant. This
helps to establish
the essay's purpose
and relevance to
 IMPORTANCE

• Importance of the Topic:

• Understanding the effects of technology on

human behavior is crucial for navigating
the modern world and making informed
choices about our daily interactions with
these devices.
 INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS

• Thesis
Statement:
• A clear, concise
declaration of the main
argument or point of
the essay. It usually
appears at the end of
the introduction and
guides the reader on
what to expect in the
 THESIS STATEMENT

• While technology has

undoubtedly enhanced
communication and access to
information, its overuse can
lead to diminished face-to-face
interactions, decreased
attention spans, and a decline
in critical thinking skills.
 BODY

• This is where you develop the

supporting details of your topic.
• You need 3 main points and for
each of those main points, give
them 3 supporting details.
 TOPIC SENTENCE

• Each paragraph
should begin with a
clear topic sentence
that states the main
idea of that
paragraph, linking it
back to the thesis
 EXAMPLE TOPIC SENTENCES

• Topic Sentence 1: "One of the primary effects

of technology on communication is the decline of
face-to-face interactions.”
• Topic Sentence 2: "Social media platforms can
contribute to the spread of misinformation among
users.”
• Topic Sentence 3: "Regular physical activity is
essential for maintaining both physical and mental
health."
 SUPPORT EVIDENCE

• Include facts,
statistics, examples,
quotes from experts,
and other types of
evidence to
substantiate claims
made in the topic
 EXAMPLE SUPPORTIVE EVIDENCE

• Support Evidence1: "Research shows that individuals

who rely heavily on digital communication report
feeling lonelier.”
• Support Evidence 2 : “With statistics of daily social
media users, people believe something on social media
more than from any other media platforms.”
• Support Evidence 3: “A recent study confirms that
when a person does a physical task, a level of
dopamine will be secreted to their brain, lifting their
moods and emotions.”
 ANALYZE

• After presenting
evidence, analyze its
significance. Explain
how it supports the
argument and
connects to the
larger thesis of the
 EXAMPLE ANALYSIS STATEMENTS

• Analytical Statement 1: "This shift not only affects

personal relationships but also impacts social skills
and emotional intelligence."
• Analytical Statement 2 : “It implies that the level
of exposure of people in social media impacts their
information literacy.”
• Analytical Statement 3: “This signifies that a
certain generation that is becoming less active will
have a decrease on both physical and mental health.”
 TRANSITIONS

• Use transition words and phrases to ensure

smooth flow between paragraphs and
ideas. This helps maintain coherence
throughout the essay.
• Like this:
TRANSITIONS
 COUNTER ARGUMENTS (OPTIONAL)

• Acknowledge opposing
viewpoints and refute
them with evidence and
reasoning. This
demonstrates critical
thinking and strengthens
your argument.
 CONCLUSION

• This part is as important as your

introduction.
• This is the part where you summarize
the answers to the readers’ questions
and your purpose has been fulfilled.
 RESTATE THE THESIS

• Begin by revisiting your thesis statement, but

rephrase it to avoid repetition.
• This reminds the reader of the central
argument of your essay.
 SUMMARIZE KEY POINTS

• Briefly outline the main points discussed in the

body of your essay.
• Highlight the most significant findings or
arguments that support your thesis.
 PROVIDE A CALL TO ACTION (IF
APPLICABLE)

• Encourage the reader to think further about

the topic or to take specific actions based on
your conclusions.
 A STRONG CLOSING

• Leave the reader with a final

thought or insight.
• A powerful closing
statement can create a
lasting impression and
resonate with the reader.
 WRITING EXERCISE

• On a ½ crosswise
yellow paper.
• Crosswise, sir? Yes.
• ½ po? Yes.
• Ung ganito!
 WRITING EXERCISE: CLUSTERING

• For the next 5 minutes.

• On a separate ½ crosswise yellow paper.
• You will be creating a mind map from the topic you
used from the previous activity.
• Use the center circle as the main idea and branch
your ideas with other circle.
POST WRITING
 POST WRITING

• Post-writing tasks allow for

reflection, sharing, or publishing of
the final product.
• This is also the part where the
revisions, editing comes into play.
• Proofreading is also a part of this
process.
 • Support: This is to
check the supports are
viable and can fully
explain the topic.
ELEMENTS • Another point is how
OF POST the supports are
organized.
WRITING • You can have it from
weakest to strongest
or strongest to
weakest.
 • Unity: This is the
element where you
are looking if the
ELEMENTS ideas or supports
are relevant to the
OF POST topic.
WRITING • This is also where
you remove
unnecessary things
in the text.
 • Coherence: This is
where you check
the flow of your
ELEMENTS ideas.
OF POST • Is it easy to
understand? Are
WRITING there transitions
between
paragraphs to
connect the ideas?
 • Grammar and
Writing
Mechanics: This
ELEMENTS is where you check
OF POST your sentences,
structures.
WRITING • Are there any
grammar errors?