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Security of Hash Functions

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lokeshreddy0953
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5 views

Security of Hash Functions

Uploaded by

lokeshreddy0953
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Security of Hash Functions

Hash functions are essential cryptographic tools that play a crucial


role in ensuring the security of digital systems. This presentation will
delve into the fundamental properties and real-world applications of
secure hash functions.

LR
by Lokesh Reddy
What are Hash Functions?
1 Mathematical 2 Irreversible Process
Transformation
The hash function process
Hash functions are is one-way, meaning it is
mathematical algorithms computationally infeasible
that transform input data to recover the original
of arbitrary length into a input from the hash value.
fixed-size output, called a
hash value or digest.

3 Unique Identifiers
Each unique input will produce a unique hash value, serving as
a digital fingerprint for the data.
Properties of Secure Hash Functions
Determinism Efficiency Uniform Distribution

The same input will always produce Hash functions can quickly compute The hash values produced should be
the same hash value, ensuring the hash value for large data inputs, evenly distributed, with no
predictability and consistency. making them practical for real-world identifiable patterns, to prevent
applications. attacks.
Collision Resistance
1 Uniqueness
Collision resistance ensures that it is computationally
infeasible to find two different inputs that produce the
same hash value.

2 Probability
For a secure hash function, the probability of a collision
should be negligible, even for a large number of inputs.

3 Cryptographic Strength
Collision resistance is a crucial property that underpins
the security of many cryptographic applications.
Preimage Resistance
One-Way Property Irreversibility
Preimage resistance ensures This property makes hash
that it is computationally functions suitable for
infeasible to find the original applications such as digital
input from a given hash signatures, password
value. storage, and data integrity
checks.

Security Guarantees Cryptanalysis


Preimage resistance, along Attackers who can find
with collision resistance, preimages may be able to
provides strong security bypass security measures
assurances for the use of and compromise the system.
hash functions.
Avalanche Effect

Sensitivity
The avalanche effect refers to the property where a small change in the input leads
to a significant change in the output hash value.

Unpredictability
This property ensures that even minor modifications to the input data result in
completely different hash values, preventing predictability.

Randomness
The avalanche effect contributes to the overall security of hash functions by making
them resistant to statistical attacks.
Real-World Applications of Hash
Functions
Digital Signatures
Hash functions are used to create digital signatures that ensure the integrity
and authenticity of digital documents.

Password Storage
Passwords are typically stored as hashes, making it difficult for attackers to
obtain the original password.

Data Integrity
Hash functions are used to verify the integrity of data, ensuring that it has
not been tampered with in transit or storage.

Blockchain
The use of hash functions is fundamental to the security and operation of
blockchain technology.
Attacks on Hash Functions
1 Collision Attacks
Attackers may attempt to find two different inputs that
produce the same hash value, compromising the collision
resistance property.

2 Preimage Attacks
Attackers may try to find the original input from a given hash
value, threatening the one-way property of hash functions.

3 Length Extension Attacks


Attackers may exploit vulnerabilities in the hash function's
construction to extend the length of the input without
knowledge of the original input.
Mitigating Hash Function
Vulnerabilities
Cryptographic Standards Regular Upgrades
Adhering to standardized and Periodically upgrading to newer,
well-vetted hash functions, such more secure hash functions can
as SHA-256 or SHA-3, can help help stay ahead of potential
mitigate vulnerabilities. attacks.

Cryptographic Salting Secure Implementation


Adding a unique salt to the input Ensuring the proper
before hashing can significantly implementation and usage of
increase the security of password hash functions is crucial to
storage and other applications. maintaining their security
properties.

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