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Lesson 01_Introduction to Objects and Classes

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3 views

Lesson 01_Introduction to Objects and Classes

Uploaded by

dohaminta
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Classes & Objects

Using Python
ASSESSMENTS
• Quiz- 10%
• Class Participation- 10%
• Midterm Exam-30%
• Final Exam-40%
• Project Viva / Presentation-10%
Class / Lab Rules
• Use of internet is not allowed unless explicitly allowed
• Use of mobiles is not allowed unless explicitly allowed
• No late comings (more than 10 minutes) or early outs
• Discipline should be maintained in teacher’s presence
In case of breach of lab
rules vote for marks
deduction or samosa party?
How to get good grades?
• By putting earnest effort-which brings fruitful results
• By having 75% attendance
• By submitting work on time
• By adhering to lab and class rules
Procedural Programming
• Procedural programming simply contains a series of computational
steps, these steps instruct the computer on how to solve a task in
logical steps.
• A procedural program is typically a list of instructions that execute
one after the other starting from the top of the line.
• Procedural programming is best for simple programs.
Procedural Programming
• Make a Sum function that receives a list of integers as an argument
and returns the sum of integer values stored in a list. Print the
returned total sum at the end.
Procedural Programming
Example
def Sum(sample_list):
total = 0
for x in sample_list:
total += x
return total
list1 = [10, 200, 50, 70]
list2 = [3, 26, 33, 13]
print(Sum(list1))
print(Sum(list2))
Advantages of Procedural
Programming
• Best for general-purpose programming.
• Reusability of the code.
• It is easy to trace the flow of the program.
Disadvantages of Procedural
Programming
• The data is exposed (security issues).

• Difficult to solve real-world problems.


Object Oriented Programming
• Object-Oriented Programming are built around objects.

• Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a computer programming


model that organizes software design around data, or objects, rather
than functions and logic.

• An object can be defined as a data field that has unique attributes and
behavior.
Object as Real-World Entity
An object has two characteristics:-
• attributes
• behaviors

For example, an object could represent an employee with attributes


such as name, title, experience, etc., with behaviors like working, on-
leave, underperformed, etc.,
Can you think of objects
in real-world? Give
Examples one by one
Advantages of Object Oriented
Programming
• Object-oriented programming enables you to develop large, modular
programs that can instantly expand over time.
• Object-oriented programs hide the implementation from the end-
user.
• It supports collaborative development, where projects are divided
into groups.
• OOP include code reusability, scalability and efficiency.
Class
• A class is considered as a blueprint of objects.

• Classes can be viewed as factories or templates for generating new


object instances.

• Each object instance takes on the properties of the class from which it
was created.
Classes Have Attributes
But Also Behaviors
ATTRIBUTES BEHAVIORS
Name: Open account
Phone: Buy investments
Email: Sell investments
Purchases: Close account

Image of James curtesy of James Tam


Objects as Instances of Class
Class Creation
Defining Class Methods
Format:
class <classname>:
def <method name> (self, <other parameters>):
Unlike functions, every method of
<method body> a class must have the ‘self’
parameter (more on this later)

Example:
class Person:
name = "I have no name :("
def sayName (self): When the attributes are accessed
print ("My name is...", self.name) inside the methods of a class they
MUST be preceded by the suffix
“.self”
Class Example
# create a class
class Room:
length = 0.0
breadth = 0.0

# method to calculate area


def calculate_area(self):
print("Area of Room =", self.length * self.breadth)
Creating Objects
# create object of Room class
study_room = Room()

# assign values to all the attributes


study_room.length = 42.5
study_room.breadth = 30.8

# access method inside class


study_room.calculate_area()
Complete Code
# create a class
class Room:
length = 0.0
breadth = 0.0

# method to calculate area


def calculate_area(self):
print("Area of Room =", self.length * self.breadth)

# create object of Room class


study_room = Room()

# assign values to all the attributes


study_room.length = 42.5
study_room.breadth = 30.8

# access method inside class


study_room.calculate_area()
Class & Object
Class Example
• Class: Person

Attributes / State: Name, Sex, Profession


Functions / Behavior: Working, Study
Objects of a class
Code the person class on
the pattern of room class
discussed previously

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