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Introduction to dbms

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13 views

Introduction to dbms

Uploaded by

preeti.dalal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

DBMS

BY: PREETI DALAL


LECTURER COMPUTER SCIENCE
DATABASE
• It is a collection of interrelated data stored together to
serve multiple application.
• It not only allows to store but also allows us modification
of data as per requirements.
• It is a Computer based record keeping system.
DBMS
• A DBMS refers to Database Management System.
• It is a software that is responsible for storing,
manipulating, maintaining and utilizing database.
• A database along with RDBMS is referred to as a database
system.
PURPOSE/BENEFITS OF DBMS

• Reduces Redundancy (No Duplication of Data)


• Controls Inconsistency (No mismatched multiple copies of
same data)
• Facilitate Sharing of Data
• Ensure Security
• Maintains Integrity
RDBMS
• In RDBMS, data is organized into table (i.e. rows and
columns).
BASIC TERMINOLOGIES OF A
RELATION

• A table is also called as


Relation.
• Rows of Relations are called as
Tuples or Records.
• Columns of relations are
called as Attributes or Fields.
• The Vales stored in a relation
in individual cells are called
Data Items.
BASIC TERMINOLOGIES OF A
RELATION
• A Domain is a pool of vales from which the actual
values appearing in a given column are drawn.
• DEGREE of a relation: Number of Columns/
Attributes in a Relation.
• CARDINALITY of a relation: Number of Rows/ Tuples
in a Relation.
PROPERTIES OF A RELATION
• All rows of a relation must be DISTINCT.
• Ordering of rows and columns are immaterial.
• For a row, a column can not have more than one value.
• In any given column of a table, all items are of the same
kind.
CANDIDATE KEYS
• A Candidate Key is a column or a group of columns, which
uniquely identify each record of a table.
Or
• In a simple language we can say that, the columns
which are able to become Primary key are called
Candidate Keys.
PRIMARY KEY
• A primary Key is a set of one or more attributes that
uniquely tuples with in a relation.
• It should be NOT NULL i.e. we cannot left it blank and
Unique i.e. should not have duplicate values.
• A Relation/Table can have only one Primary key.
ALTERNATE KEY
• The Candidate key which is not Primary key is called as Alternate key.
• It means that, on case of multiple candidate keys, one of them will be
selected as Primary Key and rest of the columns will serve as Alternate Key.

FOREIGN KEY
◦A Foreign key is used to represent the relationship between two
tables.
◦A non-key attribute whose values are derived from the primary
key of some other table is known as Foreign key in current table.
REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY
• A Referential Integrity is a system of rules that database
management uses to ensure that relationships between
records in related tables are valid, and that users don’t
accidently delete or change related data.

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